Chapter 1: Physical Skills Development and Chapter 2: Tactical Responses To Situational Demands In Competition

Question 1

• What are strategies?
• What are tactics?
• What is a game plan?
• Define interchange
• What is substitution?
• In some sports, a designated player has a specialist role and only comes into play at particular times. Give a sporting example.
• Give a sporting examples of tactical use of substitutes and interchange players in AFL and track and field relays.
• Explain the idea of ‘controlling the controllables’
• Describe invasion games.
• Explain a tactic that could be used for ‘holding onto a lead’

Answer 1

• Plans prepared prior to competition intended to place an individual or team in a winning positioning.
• Specific ways in which strategies are put into action during the competition.
• A fundamental structure of play designed to achieve a predetermined outcome.
• Ability to use a defined number of players throughout the activity, not all of whom necessarily start the game.
• Replacement of a player by another.
• Baseball: designated hitter has no part to play when team is fielding.
• AFL: regular rotation of midfielders ensures high-intensity play for the duration of the game. TandF relays: best athletes used in final to be well rested.
• Planning training programs to simulate real situations so athletes know how to react if they occur during competition.
• AKA direct interceptive activities, the nature of these activities is to gain ground, space and possession of an implement, such as a ball, to score more points than the opposing team.
• Playing more defensively by dropping an attacking player back into the midfield, or a midfielder back into defence.

Question 2

• What are the 4 elements to executing tactics in invasion games.
• What can a team do to increase chances to score a goal?
• Describe a set play.
• Describe zone defence.
• Describe man-to-man defence

Answer 2

1. Understanding: role of players within the team and game plan.
2. Concentration: significant in warm up for competition.
3. Communication: between players to ensure team functions as a unit, including verbal and non-verbal cues.
4. Control: over variables in a team can have an influence, eg tempo.
   - Push players further forward and sub in more attackers.
   - A situation in which a predetermined series of movements are used to outsmart the opposition.
   - Marking an area rather than a player. Used to reduce opposition’s options and lessen the amount of chasing required
   - Involves each player being assigned an opponent to follow. Players can also double up on an influential player. Man-to-man defence is more aggressive but requires greater effort, communication and being strong.

Question 3

• Explain ‘the press’
• Explain the difference between the full-court and half-court press.
• What are some ways of retaining possession?
• How can tempo be increased?
• A good team is likely to have considerable strength in the midfield. Midfield players are responsible for linking the defence to the attack. What is the most effective tactic against a strong midfield?
• What shouldn’t you do when playing a fast team?
• What is flooding?

Answer 3

• Applying pressure to opposition with the ball to increase chance of mistakes and a turnover. This is done by forcing them into particular areas where they’re weaker.
• Full-court press: pressure applied all over the field as soon as the opposition has the ball. Used when a team is trailing late in the game. Half-court press: pressure applied to opposition once they pass the centre line, slowing down the play.
• Playing the ball around the team and using back passes.
• Move ball quicker, more accurate passes rather than running with the ball.
• Create space behind the midfield and defence by moving the ball long. This is most effective if you have fast attackers.
• Man-to-man defence and having great distances between team mates as this will create space that can be exploited by a fast team.
• A defensive tactic used by teams who want to deny forward-line space and time for their opponents, and involves forwards and midfield players moving away from their set positions and into the opposition’s attacking area

Question 4

-What is tempo football?

Answer 4

-A tactic of high possession that involves kicking the ball backwards and to protect a lead, run down the clock or to regain control when the opponents are in full flow.

Question 5

• What should you do if you are winning by a narrow margin with a few minutes to play?
• In changing tactics in a game, what should you make sure not to do?
• What should you do if you are losing by a narrow margin with a few minutes to play?
• What should be the game plan for badminton singles?
• Describe some attacking tactics for badminton doubles.
• Describe some defending tactics for badminton doubles.
• Describe some serving tactics for badminton.

Answer 5

• sub in extra defenders, change defensive formation, man-to-man marking on key opposition players, sitting back, getting the ball into a position on the field that will make it very difficult for the opposition to score and maintain possession.
• Alter the natural style of the team and create nervousness.
• Take off a defender and add another forward player or a man-to-man press to increase pressure.
• Direct shuttle to corners of court to force an opponent to move. Aim to exploit length of court with clears with drop shots. Smash should be used less often as it leaves players vulnerable if returned. Players should also use a variety of high and low serves.
• Hit downwards whenever possible. If back court player hits a drop shot, front player should maintain position to threaten the net return.
• Best form of defence is attack so flat strokes should be used whenever possible in an effort to regain the initiative. Whenever necessary to clear, partners should stand side by side to cover width of court.
• Employ deceptive low backhand serves and also straight serves to prevent opponents stepping in and attacking the low serve. Variety and accuracy are the keys.

Question 6

• Why should a fast start be used in long distance events?
• How should you pass a runner in a distance race?
• What are 5 strategies and equipment to reduce the effects of heat?
• What will provide an edge when playing tennis in the heat?
• What can you do differently when participating in the cold?
• What can you do preparing to participate in cold water?
• What tactics become more effective with shorter courts?

Answer 6

• Force opponents to maintain the pace or fall behind. It can be used against athletes with a lower anaerobic threshold, making them work anaerobically and slowing them down.
• Be on the shoulder of the leader around the bend, then accelerate past them on the straight and immediately occupy the inside lane. Passing on the bend means extra distance.
  1. Heat chambers for acclimatisation 2.Wear lightweight, breathable clothing 3.Ice jackets, spray bottles, iced towels and fans during comp. 4.Interchange 5.Individual management plans for athletes.
• The temp will affect the flight of the ball, travelling faster. Mental toughness, physical conditioning, hydration and nutrition will therefore provide an edge.
• Longer warm up, extra stretches, wear thermal clothing and gloves.
• Stay warm, delay entry of water until just before the start, control breathing, avoid hyperventilating, wear wetsuit and extra cap.
• Zone defences because the area to cover is reduced.

Question 7

• What 7 things can professional athletes do far better that separates them from non-professionals?
• What 4 tactical aspects can professional athletes do?
• For each of the following aspects, name 3 characteristics that a model player for invasion games possess: Passing, Receiving, Marking, Possession, Tackling, Positional play, Attacking, Defending.
• What sources can feedback come from?

Answer 7

1.Selective attention to remove irrelevant cues 2.Anticipate what is going to happen next 3.Time their movements to create an efficiency of movement 4.Make the right decisions under pressure 5.React quickly to cues 6.Control the tempo and pace of the performance 7.Select and combine appropriate skills.

1. Analyse opposition’s capabilities 2.Analyse own capabilities 3.Adapt skills, strategies and tactics to changing conditions 4.Select equipment to suit the situation and circumstances.
   - (Timing, accurate, disguised)(Best position to recieve, ability to receive in all positions, strong control)(Timing, positioning, gain possession, awareness)(Composure, strength, decision making, make it easy for team mates)(Aggressive, timing, abides rules)(Communication, vision, covering)(accuracy of execution, positioning, reacts to variables)(positioning, reacts to variables, composure under pressure)
   - Self(kinaesthesis), coach, peer, video, knowledge of results.