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Biology > Chapter 10 And 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 And 11 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Chromosome

A

Unit of genetic information and protein

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2
Q

Chromatid

A

Single Copt of the gene necessary for an organism

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3
Q

How much chromosomes do humans have?

A

23 pairs, 46 total

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4
Q

What are the home chromosomes?

A

22 pairs of autosomes, I pair of sex chromosomes

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5
Q

Ploidy

A

Set of chromosomes

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6
Q

Diploid

A

2n. Copies of gene

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7
Q

Haploid

A

One copy of gene

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8
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

Member of a pair of chromosomes

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9
Q

What happens before cell division?

A

Cell divides and passes a copy of its DNA do each of its daughter cells

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10
Q

External factors

A

Environmental conditions and signaling molecules

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11
Q

Internal factors

A

Checkpoints and cell cycle control molecules

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12
Q

Cyclins

A

Cell cycle regulator. Advances cells through phases of cell cycle

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13
Q

What causes cancer?

A

Cell division without check points. Continues to divide

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14
Q

Apoptosis

A

Cell death

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15
Q

P53 protein

A

Monitors integrity. Activates enzymes

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16
Q

Cell division

A

Single parent cell divides and produces daughter cells

17
Q

What are the steps in the interphase

A

G1,S, G2

18
Q

What happens in the G1 phase

A

Cell grows to create 2 nuclei. P53 monitors integrity

19
Q

What happens in the S phase?

A

Cell synthesis a complete copy of DNA in nucleus.

20
Q

What happens in G2?

A

Second growth

21
Q

Deletions

A

Missing segment

22
Q

Duplications

A

Section that occurs more times in art

23
Q

Inversions

A

Change in direction along a single chromosome

24
Q

Translocations

A

One segment becomes attached to another chromosome

25
Q

Euploid

A

Normal # of chromosomes

26
Q

Polyploid

A

3 more sets of chromosomes

27
Q

Anuploidy

A

’ Alteration number of chromosomes. Total number not sets

28
Q

Trisomic

A

2n+1, addition chromosome added. 47 total, Down syndrome

29
Q

monosomic

A

Missing copy of chromosome. 2n- 1

30
Q

Klinefelters

A

Male born with extra X chromosome (XXY)

31
Q

Turner syndrome

A

Female with missing X chromosome (XO)

Biology (6 decks)

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