Chapter 10 And 11 Flashcards
Chromosome
Unit of genetic information and protein
Chromatid
Single Copt of the gene necessary for an organism
How much chromosomes do humans have?
23 pairs, 46 total
What are the home chromosomes?
22 pairs of autosomes, I pair of sex chromosomes
Ploidy
Set of chromosomes
Diploid
2n. Copies of gene
Haploid
One copy of gene
Homologous chromosomes
Member of a pair of chromosomes
What happens before cell division?
Cell divides and passes a copy of its DNA do each of its daughter cells
External factors
Environmental conditions and signaling molecules
Internal factors
Checkpoints and cell cycle control molecules
Cyclins
Cell cycle regulator. Advances cells through phases of cell cycle
What causes cancer?
Cell division without check points. Continues to divide
Apoptosis
Cell death
P53 protein
Monitors integrity. Activates enzymes
Cell division
Single parent cell divides and produces daughter cells
What are the steps in the interphase
G1,S, G2
What happens in the G1 phase
Cell grows to create 2 nuclei. P53 monitors integrity
What happens in the S phase?
Cell synthesis a complete copy of DNA in nucleus.
What happens in G2?
Second growth
Deletions
Missing segment
Duplications
Section that occurs more times in art
Inversions
Change in direction along a single chromosome
Translocations
One segment becomes attached to another chromosome
