Chapter 10 - Ancient Rome

Question 1

Temple of Portunus (Temple of “Fortuna Virilis”)

Answer 1

Rome, Italy
75 BCE
Stone and stucco
Republican temple - highly eclectic (Etruscan porch, podium, stairs, ionic columns, frieze)
Pseudoperipteral - columns in front, engaged columns (embedded) on sides

Question 2

Head of an Old Man

Answer 2

Palazzo del Municipo, Osimo
mid-first century BCE
Marble, life sized
Veristic portrait - realistic style with exaggerated worn features - inspired by death masks of important family members

Question 3

Head of Roman Patrician

Answer 3

Otricoli, Italy
75-50 BCE
Marble
Hooked nose, sagging skin, no teeth
Exaggerated weariness
Sagitus - sagginess of the face
Virtus - virtue of the mind
Used to be taken seriously in politics

Question 4

Fauces

Answer 4

Narrow Entryway
Element of Etruscan Villa

Question 5

Atrium

Answer 5

Open air reception
Element of Etruscan Villa

Question 6

Impluvium

Answer 6

Basin to collect rainwater
Element of Etruscan Villa

Question 7

Cubiculum

Answer 7

Small bedroom
Element of Etruscan Villa

Question 8

Ala

Answer 8

Rectangular recess at back of atrium
Element of Etruscan Villa

Question 9

Tablinium

Answer 9

Study/office
Element of Etruscan Villa

Question 10

Triclinium

Answer 10

Dining room
Element of Etruscan Villa

Question 11

Peristyle

Answer 11

Colonnade around cella and porch
Element of Etruscan Villa

Question 12

Atrium in the house of Vettii
Pompeii, Italy

Answer 12

Second cent BCE, rebuilt 62-79 CE
Impluvium, Peristyle garden, hole in roof of Atrium allows light
Owners (brothers) both former slaves of greek men
Painted fresco walls

Question 13

Fresco from the House of Vettii

Answer 13

Pomeii, Italy
Painted stucco, fourth style
Portions painted to mimic solid wall/marble (1st style)
Portions painted to be 3 dimensional recesses (2nd style)
Portions painted with delicate linear fantasy, sectioned, monochrome (3rd style)

Question 14

Portrait of Augustus as General

Answer 14

Primaporta, Italy
Early 1st Cent BCE
Copy of Bronze original 20 BCE
Dolphin - symbol of Augustus’ naval victory against Mark Antony
Cupid - symbol of lineage from Venus
Female personification of conquered nations - Pas Romana (roman peace)
Cuirass (breastplate), judges robes
Pose to mimic Doryphorus

Question 15

Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater)

Answer 15

Rome, Italy
70-80 CE
Political move by Vespausian - reclaiming roman land
Seated 40,000, standing room for 20,000
Arranged by social status - senators -> knights ->plebians -> poor, women, slaves
Bottom, middle, top - Tuscan, Ionic, Corinthian
Waiting rooms, cages, lifting devices beneath flooring

Question 16

Forum of Trajan

Answer 16

APOLLODORUS OF DAMASCUS
Rome, Italy
Dedicated 112 CE
Temple behind basilica
Built with loot from victory over Dacians
Eclectic design - stoa, libraries, Basilica Ulpia, Equestrian statue

Question 17

Column of Trajan

Answer 17

Forum of Trajan, Rome, Italy
Dedicated 112 CE
Bottom half - first Dacian war
Top half - second Dacian war
625 feet of spiraled carvings
Continuous narritive
Top of column now has statue of St Peter - Renaissance addition

Question 18

Pantheon

Answer 18

Rome, Italy
118-125 CE
First commissioned by Agrippa, rebuilt by Hadrian
Designed by APOLLODORUS??
Semi-spherical dome possible with coffers and concrete with pumus
Perfection - 28 columns, 142 ft diameter, 142 ft high
Raised porch
Colorful marble veneer

Question 19

Ludovisi Battle Sarcophogus

Answer 19

LUDOVISI
Rome, Italy
250-260 CE
Marble
Chaos of late Roman - break from classical
Romans on top, clean-shaven with armor
Hero in middle with no armor
Bottom w/ Goths - naked and bearded, long unruly hair
Closer to coffin than Etruscan sarcophagus

Question 20

Basilica Nova

Answer 20

Rome, Italy
306-312 CE
Concrete walls w/ brick
Walls marble and stucco
Coffered barrel vault
Groin vault with fenestrated openings (clerestory)
Western Aps (semicircular cutout) has Colossus of Constantine - brick core, wooden torso, orb w/ cross

Question 21

Aula Palatina

Answer 21

Trier, Germany
Early 4th cent CE
Brick ext w/ timber roof
True basilica - meeting halls, large auditorium, later church
Materials later exploited for flammability