Chapter 10 - Ancient Rome Flashcards
Temple of Portunus (Temple of “Fortuna Virilis”)
Rome, Italy
75 BCE
Stone and stucco
Republican temple - highly eclectic (Etruscan porch, podium, stairs, ionic columns, frieze)
Pseudoperipteral - columns in front, engaged columns (embedded) on sides
Head of an Old Man
Palazzo del Municipo, Osimo
mid-first century BCE
Marble, life sized
Veristic portrait - realistic style with exaggerated worn features - inspired by death masks of important family members
Head of Roman Patrician
Otricoli, Italy
75-50 BCE
Marble
Hooked nose, sagging skin, no teeth
Exaggerated weariness
Sagitus - sagginess of the face
Virtus - virtue of the mind
Used to be taken seriously in politics
Fauces
Narrow Entryway
Element of Etruscan Villa
Atrium
Open air reception
Element of Etruscan Villa
Impluvium
Basin to collect rainwater
Element of Etruscan Villa
Cubiculum
Small bedroom
Element of Etruscan Villa
Ala
Rectangular recess at back of atrium
Element of Etruscan Villa
Tablinium
Study/office
Element of Etruscan Villa
Triclinium
Dining room
Element of Etruscan Villa
Peristyle
Colonnade around cella and porch
Element of Etruscan Villa
Atrium in the house of Vettii
Pompeii, Italy
Second cent BCE, rebuilt 62-79 CE
Impluvium, Peristyle garden, hole in roof of Atrium allows light
Owners (brothers) both former slaves of greek men
Painted fresco walls
Fresco from the House of Vettii
Pomeii, Italy
Painted stucco, fourth style
Portions painted to mimic solid wall/marble (1st style)
Portions painted to be 3 dimensional recesses (2nd style)
Portions painted with delicate linear fantasy, sectioned, monochrome (3rd style)
Portrait of Augustus as General
Primaporta, Italy
Early 1st Cent BCE
Copy of Bronze original 20 BCE
Dolphin - symbol of Augustus’ naval victory against Mark Antony
Cupid - symbol of lineage from Venus
Female personification of conquered nations - Pas Romana (roman peace)
Cuirass (breastplate), judges robes
Pose to mimic Doryphorus
Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater)
Rome, Italy
70-80 CE
Political move by Vespausian - reclaiming roman land
Seated 40,000, standing room for 20,000
Arranged by social status - senators -> knights ->plebians -> poor, women, slaves
Bottom, middle, top - Tuscan, Ionic, Corinthian
Waiting rooms, cages, lifting devices beneath flooring
Forum of Trajan
APOLLODORUS OF DAMASCUS
Rome, Italy
Dedicated 112 CE
Temple behind basilica
Built with loot from victory over Dacians
Eclectic design - stoa, libraries, Basilica Ulpia, Equestrian statue
Column of Trajan
Forum of Trajan, Rome, Italy
Dedicated 112 CE
Bottom half - first Dacian war
Top half - second Dacian war
625 feet of spiraled carvings
Continuous narritive
Top of column now has statue of St Peter - Renaissance addition
Pantheon
Rome, Italy
118-125 CE
First commissioned by Agrippa, rebuilt by Hadrian
Designed by APOLLODORUS??
Semi-spherical dome possible with coffers and concrete with pumus
Perfection - 28 columns, 142 ft diameter, 142 ft high
Raised porch
Colorful marble veneer
Ludovisi Battle Sarcophogus
LUDOVISI
Rome, Italy
250-260 CE
Marble
Chaos of late Roman - break from classical
Romans on top, clean-shaven with armor
Hero in middle with no armor
Bottom w/ Goths - naked and bearded, long unruly hair
Closer to coffin than Etruscan sarcophagus
Basilica Nova
Rome, Italy
306-312 CE
Concrete walls w/ brick
Walls marble and stucco
Coffered barrel vault
Groin vault with fenestrated openings (clerestory)
Western Aps (semicircular cutout) has Colossus of Constantine - brick core, wooden torso, orb w/ cross
Aula Palatina
Trier, Germany
Early 4th cent CE
Brick ext w/ timber roof
True basilica - meeting halls, large auditorium, later church
Materials later exploited for flammability
