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General Chemistry 2 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

solid

A

high density
very limited freed om of motion
strong IMFs

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2
Q

liquid

A

high density
some freed om of motion
moderate strength of IMFs

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3
Q

gas

A

low density
complete freedom of motion
weak IMFs

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4
Q

intermolecular forcesq

A

attractive forces that exists between molevules and atoms

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5
Q

four types of intermolecular forces

A
  1. dispersion forces
  2. dipol-dipole forces
  3. hydrongen bonding
  4. ion-dipole forces
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6
Q

dispersion forces(london forces)

A

exhibited by all atoms and molecules that results from rapid flutuating, temporay diples

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7
Q

induced dipole

A

temporary dipole formed when the electrons of an atom or molecule are distored by the instantaneous dipole of a neighboring atom or molecule

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8
Q

effects of molar mass on dispersion forces

A

larger the molar mass= stronger the attraction

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9
Q

effects of shape of molecule on dispersion forces

A

larger surface = stronger attraction

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10
Q

dipersion factors effect boiling point

A

strong dispersion forces = high boiling point

weak dispersion force= low boiling point

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11
Q

dipole-dipole forces

A

an IMF presented only in polar molecules

stronger than dispersion forces

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12
Q

polar bonds

A

electronegativity difference is (0.5-1.7)

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13
Q

for a molecule to be polar it must have

A
  1. polar bonds(large electronegativity differnece)

2. asymmetrical shape; polar bonds do not cancel out

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14
Q

nonpolar molecule with identical polar bonds

A

linear
trigonal planar
tetrahedral

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15
Q

polar molecule with polar bonds

A

bent

trigonal pyramidal

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16
Q

hydrogen bonding

A

present when polar molecules containg h atoms bodn directly to small and highly electronegative f, o, or n atoms
(stonger than dipole-dipole and dispersion forces)

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17
Q

ion-dipole forces

A

occurs when an ionic combound is mixed with a polar compound

stronger than any other Imfs

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18
Q

threee manifestation of imfs

A
  1. viscosity
  2. surface tension
  3. capillary
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19
Q

viscosity

A

measure of aliquid resisytance to flow

20
Q

how imf effects viscosity

A

stonger imf= higher viscosity

21
Q

how temperatuire effects viscosity

A

higher temperature= lower viscosity

22
Q

surface tension

A

the energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid by a unit amount

23
Q

how imfs effect surface tension

A

higher IMFs=higher surface tension

24
Q

how temperature effects surface tension

A

higher temperature = lower surface tension

25
Q

vaporization

A

liquid to gas

endothermic process

26
Q

heat of vaporization

A

the amount of heat required to vaporize one mole of a liquid to gas; always positive

27
Q

condensation

A

gas to liquid
exothermic process
enrgy is released

28
Q

heat of condensation

A

the amount of heat released when one mole of a gas condenses to liquid; always negative

29
Q

the rate of vaporization increases with

A

increasing temperature
increasing surface area
decreasing strength of intermolecular forces

30
Q

dynamic equilibriun

A

state of a system in which reciprocal process are occuring at equal rates
the double arrou indicates a dynamic equilibrium

31
Q

vapor pressure

A

pressure exterted bya a vapor in equilbrium witha solid or liquid at a given tenperatur in a clsoed system

32
Q

how IMFs affect bapor pressure

A

weaker IMFs= higher vapor pressure

33
Q

how temperature affects vapor pressure

A

higher temperature- higher vapor pressure

34
Q

boiling point

A

is the temp. at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the pressure of a gas above it

35
Q

how imf effect boiling point

A

stronger IMFs = higher boiling point

36
Q

normal boiling point

A

the temp. at which it vapor pressure equals 1 atm

37
Q

sublimation

A

the phase transition from solid to gas

38
Q

deposition

A

the phase transition from gas to solids

39
Q

melting/fusion

A

solid to liquid

40
Q

melting point

A

temp at which the solid and liquid pahses of a substace are in equilibirum

41
Q

freezing

A

liquid to solid

42
Q

phase diuagram

A

presuure - temperature
y-x
sumeraizing condition under the pahses of a substance can exist

43
Q

regions

A

the three main regions- solid, liquid, and gas- represent conditions where that particular state is stable

44
Q

lines

A

the substances are in equalibrium between the two states on wither side of the line
both states coestist, and equally stable

45
Q

triple point

A

temperature and pressure at which the vapor, liquid, and solid, phases of a substance are in equilibrium

General Chemistry 2 (3 decks)

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