Chapter 10

Question 1

solid

Answer 1

high density
very limited freed om of motion
strong IMFs

Question 2

liquid

Answer 2

high density
some freed om of motion
moderate strength of IMFs

Question 3

gas

Answer 3

low density
complete freedom of motion
weak IMFs

Question 4

intermolecular forcesq

Answer 4

attractive forces that exists between molevules and atoms

Question 5

four types of intermolecular forces

Answer 5

1. dispersion forces
2. dipol-dipole forces
3. hydrongen bonding
4. ion-dipole forces

Question 6

dispersion forces(london forces)

Answer 6

exhibited by all atoms and molecules that results from rapid flutuating, temporay diples

Question 7

induced dipole

Answer 7

temporary dipole formed when the electrons of an atom or molecule are distored by the instantaneous dipole of a neighboring atom or molecule

Question 8

effects of molar mass on dispersion forces

Answer 8

larger the molar mass= stronger the attraction

Question 9

effects of shape of molecule on dispersion forces

Answer 9

larger surface = stronger attraction

Question 10

dipersion factors effect boiling point

Answer 10

strong dispersion forces = high boiling point

weak dispersion force= low boiling point

Question 11

dipole-dipole forces

Answer 11

an IMF presented only in polar molecules

stronger than dispersion forces

Question 12

polar bonds

Answer 12

electronegativity difference is (0.5-1.7)

Question 13

for a molecule to be polar it must have

Answer 13

1. polar bonds(large electronegativity differnece)

2. asymmetrical shape; polar bonds do not cancel out

Question 14

nonpolar molecule with identical polar bonds

Answer 14

linear
trigonal planar
tetrahedral

Question 15

polar molecule with polar bonds

Answer 15

bent

trigonal pyramidal

Question 16

hydrogen bonding

Answer 16

present when polar molecules containg h atoms bodn directly to small and highly electronegative f, o, or n atoms
(stonger than dipole-dipole and dispersion forces)

Question 17

ion-dipole forces

Answer 17

occurs when an ionic combound is mixed with a polar compound

stronger than any other Imfs

Question 18

threee manifestation of imfs

Answer 18

1. viscosity
2. surface tension
3. capillary

Question 19

viscosity

Answer 19

measure of aliquid resisytance to flow

Question 20

how imf effects viscosity

Answer 20

stonger imf= higher viscosity

Question 21

how temperatuire effects viscosity

Answer 21

higher temperature= lower viscosity

Question 22

surface tension

Answer 22

the energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid by a unit amount

Question 23

how imfs effect surface tension

Answer 23

higher IMFs=higher surface tension

Question 24

how temperature effects surface tension

Answer 24

higher temperature = lower surface tension

Question 25

vaporization

Answer 25

liquid to gas | endothermic process

Question 26

heat of vaporization

Answer 26

the amount of heat required to vaporize one mole of a liquid to gas; always positive

Question 27

condensation

Answer 27

gas to liquid exothermic process enrgy is released

Question 28

heat of condensation

Answer 28

the amount of heat released when one mole of a gas condenses to liquid; always negative

Question 29

the rate of vaporization increases with

Answer 29

increasing temperature increasing surface area decreasing strength of intermolecular forces

Question 30

dynamic equilibriun

Answer 30

state of a system in which reciprocal process are occuring at equal rates the double arrou indicates a dynamic equilibrium

Question 31

vapor pressure

Answer 31

pressure exterted bya a vapor in equilbrium witha solid or liquid at a given tenperatur in a clsoed system

Question 32

how IMFs affect bapor pressure

Answer 32

weaker IMFs= higher vapor pressure

Question 33

how temperature affects vapor pressure

Answer 33

higher temperature- higher vapor pressure

Question 34

boiling point

Answer 34

is the temp. at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the pressure of a gas above it

Question 35

how imf effect boiling point

Answer 35

stronger IMFs = higher boiling point

Question 36

normal boiling point

Answer 36

the temp. at which it vapor pressure equals 1 atm

Question 37

sublimation

Answer 37

the phase transition from solid to gas

Question 38

deposition

Answer 38

the phase transition from gas to solids

Question 39

melting/fusion

Answer 39

solid to liquid

Question 40

melting point

Answer 40

temp at which the solid and liquid pahses of a substace are in equilibirum

Question 41

freezing

Answer 41

liquid to solid

Question 42

phase diuagram

Answer 42

presuure - temperature y-x sumeraizing condition under the pahses of a substance can exist

Question 43

regions

Answer 43

the three main regions- solid, liquid, and gas- represent conditions where that particular state is stable

Question 44

lines

Answer 44

the substances are in equalibrium between the two states on wither side of the line both states coestist, and equally stable

Question 45

triple point

Answer 45

temperature and pressure at which the vapor, liquid, and solid, phases of a substance are in equilibrium