Chapter 10 Flashcards
Describe the types of psychoactive substances and give examples of each.
Depressants – alcohol, sedative, hypnotic, and anxiolytic drugs
Stimulants – amphetamines, caffeine, cocaine, nicotine
Opioids – heroin, opium, morphine
Hallucinogens – LSD, marijuana
Define depressants, and describe the physiological and psychological effects of alcohol.
Depressants – psychoactive substance that results in behavioral sedation. Alcohol affects neuroreceptor systems which make it difficult to study. It depresses people and causes them to react slower.
Define stimulants and describe the physiological and psychological effects of amphetamines, cocaine, nicotine, and caffeine.
Psychoactive substance that elevates mood, activity, and alertness. Physiological effects – stimulate the central nervous system by enhancing the activity of the norepinephrine and dopamine. Cocaine makes the heart beat more rapidly. Nicotine stimulates the midbrain. Caffeine affects the brain and adrenaline. Psychological effects – nicotine withdrawal – depressed mood, insomnia, irritability.
Distinguish opioids from hallucinogens. Describe their physiological and psychological effects.
opiates - analgesia (reduce pain) and euphoria and induce sleep. drowsiness adn slowed breathing.
hallucinogens - alter sensory perception, they change the way the user perceives the world. Sight, sound, feelings, taste, and smell distorted, in dramatic ways.
Describe the integrative model (multidimensional influences) of substance-related disorders.
Genetic influences may lead to a greater sensitivity to the effects, others may inherit an ability to metabolize substances more quickly. Social and cultural expectations may encourage or discourage use of substances. People with mood disorders account for a high rate of substance abuse. Different pathways lead to abuse.
• Describe the psychological and medical treatments for substance-related disorders.
o Psychological treatments – inpatient facilities, AA, Controlled use (social drinking, Component treatment (conditioning (a shock), reinforcements (money))
o Medical Treatments – Agonist substitution – they are given a different drug that is “safe”, Aversive treatment – drugs are extremely unpleasant (antabuse, silver nitrate), Medication is often prescribed to help with the withdrawal effects.
How do you account for the increase in abuse of prescription and OTC medications by teens? (Video)
It is easy to get, teens don’t understand the consequences, false sense of self-control, media portrayal, peer pressure, searching for identity, social norming
