Chapter 10

Question 1

1. What are Signs of hypoxia?

Answer 1

1. Grunting
2. Retractions
3. Nasal flaring
4. Cyanosis

Question 2

2. What is Acceptable PaO2 for a neonate?

Answer 2

2. = PaO2 60 mm Hg (SaO2 90%)

Question 3

3. What is Acceptable PaO2 for pediatrics?

Answer 3

3. = 80-100 mm Hg (SaO2 95%-99%)

Question 4

4. When hypoxia present SpO2 of 88-95% and

PaO2 50 -80mmHg? is it acceptable?

Answer 4

are acceptable

Question 5

5. What are the Hazards of O2 therapy (neonate)?

Answer 5

1. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) from high PaO2
2. atelectasis
3. Pulmonary vasodilation
4. O2 toxicity (pulmonary fibrosis) from high FiO2

Question 6

6. Cannula

Answer 6

1. Best choice for long term low flow O2 delivery
2. Usually tolerated well (tape to face, ears can’t hold them) Low flow flowmeters (0.1 to 3 lpm)
3. Blenders to adjust FiO2

Question 7

What are the Disadvantages of Cannula?

Answer 7

-inadvertent CPAP
- dries nasal mucosa
- inaccurate FIO2 varies with patients:
- respiratory pattern (RR, inspiratory flow rate)
- size
- age
assess by Pulse Ox or ABG

Question 8

8. High flow nasal cannula must be what?

What are the equipment of High flow nasal cannula.

Answer 8

Heated and humidified
Reduces upper airway drying out
1. Blender
2. Heated humidifier 
3. Special cannula

Question 9

9. What are Face masks?

Answer 9

1. Usually tolerated poorly by conscious infants and children.
2. For moderate FiO2’s
3. More control of FiO2
4. All varieties available
5. Non-rebreathing
6. Simple
7. Venturi (air entrainment)

Question 10

10. What is Air entrainment nebulizer need? Two things

What devices are used? Tell Five

Answer 10

Need high moisture
Need precise FiO2

Devices
1. Aerosol mask 
2. Trach collar 
3. Face tent 
4. Hood
5. T piece
Heat and Humidity for application to artificial airway Heat when applying to infants

Question 11

11. What is specially about Hood?

Answer 11

1. Best choice for controlled FIO2
2. Oxygen must be heated and humidified.
   - heated because neonates are susceptible to hypothermia
   - humidified because dry gas will cause mucosal damage
3. Mixed gases may be supplied by a blender and either a heated humidifier or heated aerosol
   - blender is quiet and accurate
   - heated nebulizer on 100% with blender to adjust FiO2, cuts down on noise - heated humidifier most efficient (see fig 10-8 page 158)
   - must have enough flow to flush through the system
4. Analyze oxygen in hood as near pt mouth as possible 5. Don’t keep analyzer in all the time due to moisture

Question 12

12. What must be in the Isolette?

Answer 12

1. Oxygen must be warmed and humidified.
2. Oxygen analyzer near patients head
3. FIO2 of 25-30% or less

Question 13

13. How many Resuscitation Bags are there?

Answer 13

1. Self-inflating, use reservoir
2. Flow-inflating
   Always have a manometer in line