Chapter 10 Flashcards
Relief
Vertical elevation differences in the landscape
Topography
The undulating form of earths surface
Continental shield
A region where craton is exposed the nucleus of crystalline rock on which the continent grows
Crustal formation processes
Seafloor spreading creates new oceanic crust
Subduction below land create new continental crusts
Tectonic activity
Three types of stress in the resulting strain
1 tension (stretching) normal fault 2 compression (shortening) reverse fault 3 shear (twisting laterally) strike slip fault
Surface expressions
1 thinning
2 folding
3 bending horizontally
Folding
When convergent plate boundaries intensely compress rocks
Anticline
Layers slope downward away from the axis
Syncline
Layer slope downward towards the axis
U
Faulting
When rock and start are strain beyond their ability to remain a solid unit and rocks are displaced relative to the other side of the fracture
Three basic types of faults
Normal reverse and strike slip
Normal fault
A tension fault that occurs when rocks or pulled apart
The hanging wall drops relative to the foot wall
The resulting scar on the landscape is a fault scarp
Horst and garden
Normal fault
Horst- upward faulted block
Graben - downward faulted block
Reverse fault
Compressional fault forces associated with converging plates force rocks (hanging wall) to move upward along the fault plane
Thrust fault
When the fault plane forms a low angle with the horizon
Strike slip fault
When movement along a fault is horizontal