Chapter 10 Flashcards
Who carried out the Crusades?
Western Europe - The Holy Roman Empire**
Why were the Crusades launched?
1) To retake the Holy Land.
2) Secure Trade Routes
3) Drive Back Muslim Encroachments into Europe itself.
What was the result of the Crusades?
Failure if given enough time.
What two social/economic/political concepts emerged during the Middle Ages?
Feudalism and Manorism.
Who were the Franks?
A Germanic people.
When did the Franks come into contact with Rome?
Around 350 AD.
Where did the Franks live?
Germany, Belgium, and Holland.
What group of people were key for the transition from the Roman Empire to a distinctly European-based western civilization?
The Franks.
What was the Franks chief connection with Rome?
Through the military. They provided a large supply of rugged recruits. By the 400s Franks served as high-ranking military commanders.
Who was the Frank military commander that staged a coup against the Roman army?
Clovis.
How did Clovis bring some unity to the fractured Germanic world?
By converting publicly to Christianity in an elaborate ceremony. He made Christianity the glue for his proto-empire.
What were the motives of Clovis for “converting” to Christianity?
Purely political. By converting to Christianity, Clovis hoped to win the support of wealthy Romans for his rule.
What is the technical name for the new joint society that emerged under the reign of Clovis?
The Gallo-Roman or Franco-Roman society.
What held Gallo-Roman/Franco-Roman society together?
Cultural Christianity.
What is Clovis’s Kingdom called?
The Merovingian Kingdom.
Where did Clovis and his Kingdom expand to?
Throughout all present-day Germany and into Northern Italy.
What to nations trace their roots to the Merovingian Kingdom?
France and Germany.
Was the Merovingian Kingdom a state in the modern sense of the term?
No.
How many Kingdoms was the Merovingian Kingdom split into after Clovis’s death?
Four. Each was ruled by one of his four sons.
Who was Theodoric the Great?
An Ostrogoth who ruled Southern Italy.
How did he seek to integrate his people and the former Romans?
He used Roman governmental structures to administer his rule and used Ostrogoth military structures.
Why did the Ostrogoth and Roman people end up feuding?
Over religious differences that sparked a civil war after Theodoric’s death.
Where did the Visigoths rule?
Spain.
Why were they unable to create a lasting unity with the Romans?
Due to religious differences between the two peoples.