Chapter 10 Flashcards
What is adolescent society?
refers to the structural arrangements of subgroups within an adolescent social system
What is adolescent culture?
is the sum of the ways of living of adolescents; it refers to the body of norms, values, attitudes, and practices recognized and shared by members of the adolescent society as appropriate guides to action
What are two notable areas of adolescent-adult disagreement?
Drugs and Sexual behavior
What is a formal system?
Academic Subsystem and the Activities Subsystem (extracurricular activity, school, supervised, structured)
What is a informal system?
includes cliques and crowds (unstructured, no supervision, weekends, out of school)
Informal System.. Clique
small 3-10 people (fewer than 50% of adolescents belong to a clique)
Informal System… Crowd
20+ people
Informal System.. Liaisons
individuals who have friends from several cliques but belong to none (30% of adolescents are liaisons)
What is bullying and the characteristics of bullying?
• Bullying: unprovoked aggressive behaviour that is intended to hurt another
- Characteristics of bullying:
a. It is usually repeated over and over again, and stems from a perceived power difference between the bully and his or her victim.
b. It is common in schools.
c. Victims of bullies are often insecure, quiet, and shy.
d. Bullying has major effect on the victims. They may begin to avoid school, become depressed, and attempt or complete suicide.
e. Bullies, especially male bullies, are often poor students who have cold, rejecting authoritarian parents. A minority of bullies are also victims. - The parents of the bullies have low warmth and high control
Who seems to suffer more from loneliness boys or girls?
boys seems to have a greater problem with loneliness than adolescent girls
Benefits of friendships
- Adolescents now turn to their peers to find the support formerly provided by their families.
- Having good friends is related to increased self-esteem, whereas having abusive “friends” is related to low self-esteem.
- Early adolescents form relationships with others based on common interests.
- As they grow older, they desire closer, caring relationships that involve sharing mature affection, problems, and their most personal thoughts.
- One of the reasons friendships are crucial is that adolescents are insecure and anxious about themselves.
Importance of popularity
A. When adolescents refer to the popular kids, they mean the socially dominant leaders who are the social center of the school. These adolescents have perceived popularity rather than sociometric popularity (being liked due to possessing many prosocial behaviors).
B. Teens with perceived popularity are usually physically attractive.
1. They are fashionable and look good.
2. Everyone knows who they are, and they are considered hot by members of the opposite sex.
What are two tools popular adolescents often employ to hold onto their high status?
Relational aggression and reputational aggression
What is relational aggression?
involves using your friends to keep another in line (how you relate to someone, direct)
What is reputational aggression?
involves spreading lies and rumors about another to damage his or her social standing (affecting how others see an individual, indirect)
5 Routes to social acceptance
A. Conformity- go along
B. Achievement- do good in school or in sports
C. Participation- involvement in activities
D. Physical Attractiveness- good looking, popularity
E. Deviance- antisocial behaviors
What are the reasons adolescents date?
o Reason adolescents date:
i. Recreation: One major purpose of dating is to have fun.
ii. Companionship without the responsibility of marriage
iii. Status- boost your self-status
iv. Socialization- learning how to behave in relationships
v. Sexual experimentation or satisfaction
i. Achieving intimacy- physical + emotional
ii. Mate selection- trial and error, what characteristics you’re interested in
A) Arrangements without commitment
want to be together, no permanence
B) Intimate involvements with emotional commitment
college students, monogamy, no long term goals yet
C) Living together as a prelude to marriage
no legal commitment but plan is to get married
D) Living together as a trial marriage
want to see if they are compatible for marriage
E) Living together as an alternative to marriage
committed, no legal association no plan on getting married
Adolescent Marriage
profile of the young married:
high divorce rates
very young married couples are usually from lower SES
Reasons for adolescent marriage
The number-one reason for early marriage is pregnancy.
Adolescents often hold very magical views of marriage.
Marriage is sometimes used as a means of escape from an unhappy home situation, lack of school achievement, personal insecurities or inadequacies, or unsatisfactory social adjustment with one’s peers—> strengthen self-esteem
Adolescent Marriage
Adjustments and problems
The less mature are less likely to make a wise choice of a mate.
The difficult and complex adjustments needed to solve the problems of marriage are not handled well by immature couples.
Most youths have not yet become responsible enough for marriage.
One of the major problems of early marriage is financial worry.
What are some material concerns?
A) Consumer force- how teens measure status is through clothing, cars, phones, internet B) Clothing C) Automobiles D) Cell Phones E) Computers and the Internet
Main ways to stop a bully
that everyone needs to be involved, family, friends and school, in an anti-bullying cause and everyone has to receive the same level of punishment no matter the circumstance.
