Chapter 10

Question 1

What is adolescent society?

Answer 1

refers to the structural arrangements of subgroups within an adolescent social system

Question 2

What is adolescent culture?

Answer 2

is the sum of the ways of living of adolescents; it refers to the body of norms, values, attitudes, and practices recognized and shared by members of the adolescent society as appropriate guides to action

Question 3

What are two notable areas of adolescent-adult disagreement?

Answer 3

Drugs and Sexual behavior

Question 4

What is a formal system?

Answer 4

Academic Subsystem and the Activities Subsystem (extracurricular activity, school, supervised, structured)

Question 5

What is a informal system?

Answer 5

includes cliques and crowds (unstructured, no supervision, weekends, out of school)

Question 6

Informal System.. Clique

Answer 6

small 3-10 people (fewer than 50% of adolescents belong to a clique)

Question 7

Informal System… Crowd

Answer 7

20+ people

Question 8

Informal System.. Liaisons

Answer 8

individuals who have friends from several cliques but belong to none (30% of adolescents are liaisons)

Question 9

What is bullying and the characteristics of bullying?

Answer 9

• Bullying: unprovoked aggressive behaviour that is intended to hurt another

1. Characteristics of bullying:
   a. It is usually repeated over and over again, and stems from a perceived power difference between the bully and his or her victim.
   b. It is common in schools.
   c. Victims of bullies are often insecure, quiet, and shy.
   d. Bullying has major effect on the victims. They may begin to avoid school, become depressed, and attempt or complete suicide.
   e. Bullies, especially male bullies, are often poor students who have cold, rejecting authoritarian parents. A minority of bullies are also victims.
2. The parents of the bullies have low warmth and high control

Question 10

Who seems to suffer more from loneliness boys or girls?

Answer 10

boys seems to have a greater problem with loneliness than adolescent girls

Question 11

Benefits of friendships

Answer 11

1. Adolescents now turn to their peers to find the support formerly provided by their families.
2. Having good friends is related to increased self-esteem, whereas having abusive “friends” is related to low self-esteem.
3. Early adolescents form relationships with others based on common interests.
4. As they grow older, they desire closer, caring relationships that involve sharing mature affection, problems, and their most personal thoughts.
5. One of the reasons friendships are crucial is that adolescents are insecure and anxious about themselves.

Question 12

Importance of popularity

Answer 12

A. When adolescents refer to the popular kids, they mean the socially dominant leaders who are the social center of the school. These adolescents have perceived popularity rather than sociometric popularity (being liked due to possessing many prosocial behaviors).
B. Teens with perceived popularity are usually physically attractive.
1. They are fashionable and look good.
2. Everyone knows who they are, and they are considered hot by members of the opposite sex.

Question 13

What are two tools popular adolescents often employ to hold onto their high status?

Answer 13

Relational aggression and reputational aggression

Question 14

What is relational aggression?

Answer 14

involves using your friends to keep another in line (how you relate to someone, direct)

Question 15

What is reputational aggression?

Answer 15

involves spreading lies and rumors about another to damage his or her social standing (affecting how others see an individual, indirect)

Question 16

5 Routes to social acceptance

Answer 16

A. Conformity- go along
B. Achievement- do good in school or in sports
C. Participation- involvement in activities
D. Physical Attractiveness- good looking, popularity
E. Deviance- antisocial behaviors

Question 17

What are the reasons adolescents date?

Answer 17

o Reason adolescents date:

i. Recreation: One major purpose of dating is to have fun.
ii. Companionship without the responsibility of marriage
iii. Status- boost your self-status
iv. Socialization- learning how to behave in relationships
v. Sexual experimentation or satisfaction
i. Achieving intimacy- physical + emotional
ii. Mate selection- trial and error, what characteristics you’re interested in

Question 18

A) Arrangements without commitment

Answer 18

want to be together, no permanence

Question 19

B) Intimate involvements with emotional commitment

Answer 19

college students, monogamy, no long term goals yet

Question 20

C) Living together as a prelude to marriage

Answer 20

no legal commitment but plan is to get married

Question 21

D) Living together as a trial marriage

Answer 21

want to see if they are compatible for marriage

Question 22

E) Living together as an alternative to marriage

Answer 22

committed, no legal association no plan on getting married

Question 23

Adolescent Marriage

profile of the young married:

Answer 23

high divorce rates

very young married couples are usually from lower SES

Question 24

Reasons for adolescent marriage

Answer 24

The number-one reason for early marriage is pregnancy.
Adolescents often hold very magical views of marriage.
Marriage is sometimes used as a means of escape from an unhappy home situation, lack of school achievement, personal insecurities or inadequacies, or unsatisfactory social adjustment with one’s peers—> strengthen self-esteem

Question 25

Adolescent Marriage

Adjustments and problems

Answer 25

The less mature are less likely to make a wise choice of a mate.
The difficult and complex adjustments needed to solve the problems of marriage are not handled well by immature couples.
Most youths have not yet become responsible enough for marriage.
One of the major problems of early marriage is financial worry.

Question 26

What are some material concerns?

Answer 26

A)	Consumer force- how teens measure status is through clothing, cars, phones, internet
B)	Clothing
C)	Automobiles
D)	Cell Phones
E)	Computers and the Internet

Question 27

Main ways to stop a bully

Answer 27

that everyone needs to be involved, family, friends and school, in an anti-bullying cause and everyone has to receive the same level of punishment no matter the circumstance.