Chapter 10

Question 1

Piagetian Approach: Preoperational Stage

Answer 1

Ages 2-7
Expansion in the use of symbolic thought
Not yet able to use logic

Question 2

Symbolic Function

Answer 2

The ability to use mental representations to which a child has attached meaning

Question 3

Understanding Object Space

Answer 3

Pictures, maps, and scale models

Question 4

Transduction

Answer 4

Linking particular experiences

Question 5

Understanding Identities

Answer 5

The concept that people and things are the same even if they change in form, size, or appearance

Question 6

Categorization

Answer 6

identifying similarities and differences

Question 7

Egocentrism

Answer 7

the inability to consider another persons point of view

Question 8

Recognition

Answer 8

The ability to identify a previously encountered stimulus

Question 9

Recall

Answer 9

The ability to reproduce material from memory

Question 10

Generic Memory

Answer 10

Memory that produces scripts of familiar routines to guide behavior

Question 11

Episodic Memory

Answer 11

long term memory of specific experiences or events

Question 12

Autobiographical Memory

Answer 12

Distinctive experiences that form a persons life history

Question 13

Social Interaction Model

Answer 13

Children construct autobiographical memories through conversations with adults about shared events

Question 14

Low elaborative style

Answer 14

Repeat their own previous statements or questions

Question 15

Fast mapping

Answer 15

May be a cause for rapid vocabulary growth

Allows a child to pick up the meaning of a new word after only hearing it once or twice

Question 16

Grammar and syntax at age 3

Answer 16

Begin to use plurals, possessives, past tense

Question 17

Grammar and syntax at age 4 and 5

Answer 17

Sentences average 4-5 words and may be declarative, negative, interrogative, and imperative

Question 18

Pragmatics

Answer 18

Knowledge needed to communicate

Question 19

Social speech

Answer 19

speech intended to be understood by a listener

Question 20

Who are more likely to be late talkers?

Answer 20

Boys

Question 21

What pre reading skills do children need to read later on?

Answer 21

Oral language skills and Phonological Skills

Question 22

What does exposure to TV during the first few years do?

Answer 22

cause poorer cognitive development

Question 23

Benefits of preschool?

Answer 23

Widens a child’s physical, cognitive and social environment

Question 24

Montessori

Answer 24

Child-centered, learn at their own pace
Curriculum is individualized
Children work quietly and independently at a task

Question 25

Reggio Emilia

Answer 25

Education based on relationships that supports the child’s connections to people, society, and the environment

Question 26

Teachers role in Reggio Emilia

Answer 26

They follow children’s interests and support them in exploring and investigating ideas and feelings through words, movement, dramatic play, and music

Question 27

Waldorf

Answer 27

Emphasis on creativity and cooperation
Stance against traditional grading systems and excludes media in the curriculum
No tests, homework or handouts
Lots of time spent outdoors

Question 28

Compensatory Preschool Programs

Answer 28

Programs that help children who would enter school unprepared, prepare them for school
Seeks to enhance cognitive skills and to improve physical health and foster self confidence and social skills

Question 29

Kindergarten

Answer 29

Emphasizes academics

Successful transition lays the foundation for future academic achievement