Chapter 10

Question 1

exome

Answer 1

the 1.5% of the DNA sequence that encodes protein

Question 2

peptide

Answer 2

a short sequence of amino acids

Question 3

peptide bonds

Answer 3

bonds that join amino acids

Question 4

what happens in TRANSCRIPTION Initiation

Answer 4

transcription factors help RNA Polymerase begin at a promoter

Question 5

what happens in TRANSCRIPTION Elongation

Answer 5

RNA Polymerase builds from 5’ to 3’, copying the template strand and adding complementary bases

Question 6

What happens in TRANSCRIPTION Termination

Answer 6

terminator tells RNA polymerase to stop

Question 7

what does A match up with in transcription

Answer 7

U

Question 8

1st step of RNA Processing

Answer 8

5’ cap is added

Question 9

2nd step of RNA Processing

Answer 9

3’ Ploy A tail is added

Question 10

3rd step of RNA Processing

Answer 10

Splicing: introns are removed and mRNA goes into the cytoplasm

Question 11

what happens in TRANSLATION Initiation

Answer 11

small ribosomal subunit finds start codon

Question 12

what is always the start codon

Answer 12

AUG = Met

Question 13

what happens in TRANSLATION Elongation

Answer 13

large ribosome subunit links amino acids together with peptide bonds, reading mRNA 5’ to 3’ (tRNAs carry amino acids and anticodons)

Question 14

what happens in TRANSLATION Termination

Answer 14

stop codon is recongized by a release factor, breaks up the “translation complex” - mRNA,ribosome, and tRNAs get released

Question 15

degenerate

Answer 15

more than 1 codon specifies most amino acids

Question 16

the part of tRNA that paris with mRNA during TRANSLATION

Answer 16

anticodon