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Linux Plus > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

hacker

A

in the linux world this refers to intelligent linux users… not necessarily malicious individuals

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2
Q

network server intermediaries

A

super server
super daemon

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3
Q

inetd

A

depreciated legacy super daemon.

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4
Q

inetd

Service Name

A

name of the service as listed in /etc/services file

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5
Q

inetd

Socket Type

A

tells the system what type of connection to expect like whether it is two way

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6
Q

inetd

Protocol

A

specifies which TCP/IP transport layer protocol will be used

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7
Q

inetd

Wait/No Wait

A

specifies whether the server connected to its client and freed the socket (nowait) or should process packets and then time out (wait)

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8
Q

inetd

User

A

username used to run the server. The root and nobody users were common choices

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9
Q

inetd

Parameters

A

Everything after the server name consisted of parameters that were passed to the server

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10
Q

xinetd

A

extended super daemon. It provides the functionality of inetd plus security options that are similar to those of TCP wrappers. controlled by the /etc/xinetd.d directory

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11
Q

fuser

A

determines the processes currently using network port

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12
Q

su

A

switch user

typed alone results in a prompt for root password. if the user types the password correctly
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13
Q

repudiation environment

A

a user can deny actions.

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14
Q

VNC

A

Virtual Network Computing

transfer’s data over the network unencrypted

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15
Q

who

A

shows you who is currently logged on to the system. It displays the username, their current terminal, and the time they logged into the system

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16
Q

who -a

A

adds far more information to the who command’s output

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17
Q

w command

A

shows who is logged into the system in addition to what they are doing and statistics about CPU usage

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18
Q

last command

A

current and historical data concerning users logging into and out of the system

not quite the last card I will write for Linux, but close

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19
Q

PAM

A

Pluggable Authentication Modules

called pam_limits. contains: domain type item value

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20
Q

/etc/security/limits.conf

domain type item value

domain field

A

describes the entity to which the limit applies. It can be a username; a group name, which takes the form @groupname, or an asterisk wildcard, which matches everybody

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21
Q

/etc/security/limits.conf

domain type item value

type field

A

specifies the limit as hard or soft. Hard limit is imposed by the system admin and cannot be exceeded under any circumstances

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22
Q

/etc/security/limits.conf

domain type item value

Limited Item

A

specifies what type of item is being limited. Examples include core (size of the core files), data (the size of a program’s data area), fsize (the size of files created by the user), nofile (the number of open data files), rss (the resident set size), stack (stack size), cpu (cpu time of a single process in minutes), nproc (the number of concurrent processes), maxlogins (the number of simultaneous logins), and priority (the process priority)

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23
Q

/etc/security/limits.conf

domain type item value

value field

A

specifies the value that’s to be applied to the limit

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24
Q

ulimit syntax

A

ulimit [options [limit]]

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25
Q

ulimit option

-c

A

core file limits the size of core dumps, which are files created for debugging purposes in certain types of program crashes

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26
Q

ulimit option

-f

A

limits the size of files that may be created by the shell

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27
Q

ulimit option

-n

A

limits the number of open file descriptors (not honored by most systems)

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28
Q

ulimit option

-u

A

limits the number of processes a user may run

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29
Q

ulimit option

-t

A

limits the total CPU time in seconds

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30
Q

ulimit option

-v

A

sets the total amount of virtual memory available to the shell

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31
Q

ulimit option

-s

A

sets the maximum stack size

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32
Q

ulimit option

-m

A

sets the maximum resident set size

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33
Q

ulimit option

-d

A

limits programs’ data set size

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34
Q

ulimit option

-l

A

sets the maximum size that may be locked into memory

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35
Q

ulimit option

-H

A

modifies only options to be hard

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36
Q

ulimit option

-S

A

modifies only options to be soft

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37
Q

ulimit option

-a

A

casues ulimit to report its current settings

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38
Q

growing the haystack password technique

A

adding a single letter repeatedly to increase security

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39
Q

GPG

A

Gnu Privacy Guard

not installed by default. open source reimplimentation of PGP

uses private and public key.
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40
Q

where does GPG keep it’s keys?

A

keyring

in the ~/.gnupg

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41
Q

pwconv

A

moves all password information from the /etc/passwd

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42
Q

pwck

A

ensures all of the files are in sync after conversion

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Linux Plus (10 decks)

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