Chapter 10 Flashcards
What are some properties of Inorganic Compounds ?
Elements present: most metals&nonmetals
Particles: mostly ions
Many are ionic, some covalent bonding
Polarity: most ionic or polar covalent, a few are nonpolar covalent
Usually high melting and boiling point, low flammability, most are soluble in h20 unless they are nonpolar
What are some properties of Organic Compounds ?
Elements present: C,H, & sometimes O,S,N,or a halogen-(Cl,F,Br,I)
Particles: molecules
Mostly covalent bonding, usually low melting & boiling point, high flammability
Not soluble in h20 unless polar group is present
Nonpolar, unless strongly electronegative atom is present
A molecule with four atoms bonded to a central atom has what kind of shape?
Tetrahedral 109 degrees
What are AlkANEs ?
A class of hydrocarbons in which the atoms are connected ONLY by single bonds.
What is the molecular and condensed structural formula of the AlkANE, Methane ?
Molecular Formula: CH4
Condensed Structural Formula: CH4
What is the molecular and condensed structural formula of the AlkANE, Ethane ?
Molecular Formula: C2H6
Condensed Structural Formula:
CH3-CH3
What is the molecular and condensed structural formula of the AlkANE, Propane ?
Molecular Formula: C3H8
Condensed Structural Formula:
CH3-CH2-CH3
What is the molecular and condensed structural formula of the AlkANE, Butane ?
Molecular Formula: C4H10
Condensed Structural Formula:
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
What is the molecular and condensed structural formula of the AlkANE, Pentane ?
Molecular structure: C5H12
Condensed structural formula:
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
What is the molecular and condensed structural formula of the AlkANE, Hexane ?
Molecular formula: C6H14
Condensed structural formula:
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
What is the molecular and condensed structural formula of the AlkANE, Heptane ?
Molecular formula: C7H16
Condensed structural formula:
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
What is the molecular and condensed structural formula of the AlkANE, Octane ?
Molecular formula: C8H18
Condensed structural formula:
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
What is the molecular and condensed structural formula of the AlkANE, Nonane ?
Molecular formula: C9H20
Condensed structural formula:
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
What is the molecular and condensed structural formula of the AlkANE, Decane ?
Molecular formula: C10H22
Condensed structural formula:
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
What are cycloalkANEs ?
Cyclic structures of hydrocarbons
Have two fewer hydrogen atoms than the corresponding alkanes.
What is a branched Alkane ?
An Alkane with at least one branch.
What are isomers ?
When two compounds have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms.
What is an alkyl group ?
An Alkane that is missing one hydrogen atom.
Names & formulas of some common substituents
CH3- Methyl CH3-CH2- Ethyl CH3-CH2-CH2- Propyl CH3-CH(-on top)-CH3 Isopropyl F-,Cl-,Br-,I- Fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo
Haloalkane
Halogen atoms replace hydrogen atoms in an Alkane.
Cl
|
Cl-C-F
|
Cl
TrichlorofluoromethaneWhat is the least reactive family in organic compounds ?
Alkanes
When does an Alkane undergo combustion ?
When it completely reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, & energy.
What is an alkENE ?
It contains at least one double bond, which forms when two adjacent carbon atoms share two pairs of valence electrons.
What is an AlkYNE ?
A triple bond forms when 2 carbon atoms share 3 pairs of valence electrons.
What are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons and what are known as saturated hydrocarbons because of single, triple, and double bonds ?
Unsaturated- Alkenes and Alkynes because of double and triple bonds
Saturated- alkanes because of single bonds
Aromatic compounds
Benzene family.
Hexagon with a circle in the center
Hydrocarbons
Organic compounds that consist of carbon and hydrogen.
Alcohol
A hydroxyl (-OH) group replaces a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon.
CH3-CH2-OH is an alcohol
Thiol
Contains the functional group -SH bonded to a carbon atom.
CH3-CH2-SH is a thiol
Ether
Contains an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon atoms. The oxygen atom also had two unshared pairs of electrons, but are not shown in condensed structural formulas.
CH3-O-CH3 is an Ether
Carbonyl group
Consists of a carbon atom attached to an oxygen atom with a double bond.
(C=O)
Aldehydes & Ketones contain a carbonyl group
Aldehydes
The carbon atom of the carbonyl group is bonded to a hydrogen atom.
O
||
CH3-C-H
Ketones
The carbon atom of the carbonyl group is bonded to two other carbon atoms.
O
||
CH3-C-CH3
Carboxylic acids
Functional group is the carbonyl group, which is a combination of the carbonyl & hydroxyl groups.
O
||
-C-O-H OR -COOH
Ester
Similar to carboxylic acid, except that the oxygen of the carboxyl group is attached to a carbon and not to hydrogen.
O
||
-C-O- OR -COO-
Amines
Derivatives of ammonia, NH3, in which carbon groups replace one, two, or three of the hydrogen atoms.
| -N- Example: CH3-NH2 | Page:375 in textbook
Amide
The hydroxyl group of a carboxylic acid is replaced by a nitrogen group.
O O
|| || | CH3-C-NH2 -C- N- Example: ^
