Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry B11 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
0
Q

What are some properties of Inorganic Compounds ?

A

Elements present: most metals&nonmetals
Particles: mostly ions
Many are ionic, some covalent bonding
Polarity: most ionic or polar covalent, a few are nonpolar covalent
Usually high melting and boiling point, low flammability, most are soluble in h20 unless they are nonpolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What are some properties of Organic Compounds ?

A

Elements present: C,H, & sometimes O,S,N,or a halogen-(Cl,F,Br,I)
Particles: molecules
Mostly covalent bonding, usually low melting & boiling point, high flammability
Not soluble in h20 unless polar group is present
Nonpolar, unless strongly electronegative atom is present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A molecule with four atoms bonded to a central atom has what kind of shape?

A

Tetrahedral 109 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are AlkANEs ?

A

A class of hydrocarbons in which the atoms are connected ONLY by single bonds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the molecular and condensed structural formula of the AlkANE, Methane ?

A

Molecular Formula: CH4

Condensed Structural Formula: CH4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the molecular and condensed structural formula of the AlkANE, Ethane ?

A

Molecular Formula: C2H6

Condensed Structural Formula:
CH3-CH3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the molecular and condensed structural formula of the AlkANE, Propane ?

A

Molecular Formula: C3H8

Condensed Structural Formula:
CH3-CH2-CH3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the molecular and condensed structural formula of the AlkANE, Butane ?

A

Molecular Formula: C4H10

Condensed Structural Formula:
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the molecular and condensed structural formula of the AlkANE, Pentane ?

A

Molecular structure: C5H12

Condensed structural formula:
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the molecular and condensed structural formula of the AlkANE, Hexane ?

A

Molecular formula: C6H14

Condensed structural formula:
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the molecular and condensed structural formula of the AlkANE, Heptane ?

A

Molecular formula: C7H16

Condensed structural formula:
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the molecular and condensed structural formula of the AlkANE, Octane ?

A

Molecular formula: C8H18

Condensed structural formula:
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the molecular and condensed structural formula of the AlkANE, Nonane ?

A

Molecular formula: C9H20

Condensed structural formula:
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the molecular and condensed structural formula of the AlkANE, Decane ?

A

Molecular formula: C10H22

Condensed structural formula:
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are cycloalkANEs ?

A

Cyclic structures of hydrocarbons

Have two fewer hydrogen atoms than the corresponding alkanes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a branched Alkane ?

A

An Alkane with at least one branch.

16
Q

What are isomers ?

A

When two compounds have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms.

17
Q

What is an alkyl group ?

A

An Alkane that is missing one hydrogen atom.

18
Q

Names & formulas of some common substituents

A 
CH3-  Methyl
CH3-CH2-  Ethyl
CH3-CH2-CH2-  Propyl
CH3-CH(-on top)-CH3  Isopropyl 
F-,Cl-,Br-,I-  Fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo
19
Q

Haloalkane

A 
Halogen atoms replace hydrogen atoms in an Alkane.
                  Cl
                    |
               Cl-C-F
                     |
                    Cl
Trichlorofluoromethane
20
Q

What is the least reactive family in organic compounds ?

A

Alkanes

21
Q

When does an Alkane undergo combustion ?

A

When it completely reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, & energy.

22
Q

What is an alkENE ?

A

It contains at least one double bond, which forms when two adjacent carbon atoms share two pairs of valence electrons.

23
Q

What is an AlkYNE ?

A

A triple bond forms when 2 carbon atoms share 3 pairs of valence electrons.

24
Q

What are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons and what are known as saturated hydrocarbons because of single, triple, and double bonds ?

A

Unsaturated- Alkenes and Alkynes because of double and triple bonds

Saturated- alkanes because of single bonds

25
Q

Aromatic compounds

A

Benzene family.

Hexagon with a circle in the center

26
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

Organic compounds that consist of carbon and hydrogen.

27
Q

Alcohol

A

A hydroxyl (-OH) group replaces a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon.

CH3-CH2-OH is an alcohol

28
Q

Thiol

A

Contains the functional group -SH bonded to a carbon atom.

CH3-CH2-SH is a thiol

29
Q

Ether

A

Contains an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon atoms. The oxygen atom also had two unshared pairs of electrons, but are not shown in condensed structural formulas.

CH3-O-CH3 is an Ether

30
Q

Carbonyl group

A

Consists of a carbon atom attached to an oxygen atom with a double bond.
(C=O)

Aldehydes & Ketones contain a carbonyl group

31
Q

Aldehydes

A

The carbon atom of the carbonyl group is bonded to a hydrogen atom.

                 O 
                 ||
        CH3-C-H
32
Q

Ketones

A

The carbon atom of the carbonyl group is bonded to two other carbon atoms.

                    O
                    ||
           CH3-C-CH3
33
Q

Carboxylic acids

A

Functional group is the carbonyl group, which is a combination of the carbonyl & hydroxyl groups.

               O
               ||
         -C-O-H    OR   -COOH
34
Q

Ester

A

Similar to carboxylic acid, except that the oxygen of the carboxyl group is attached to a carbon and not to hydrogen.
O
||
-C-O- OR -COO-

35
Q

Amines

A

Derivatives of ammonia, NH3, in which carbon groups replace one, two, or three of the hydrogen atoms.

   |                      
 -N-      Example:   CH3-NH2   
   |                Page:375 in textbook
36
Q

Amide

A

The hydroxyl group of a carboxylic acid is replaced by a nitrogen group.

     O                       O
     ||                        ||   | CH3-C-NH2             -C- N- Example: ^

Chemistry B11 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions