Chapter 10 Flashcards
Acidity of Alchohols
The acidity decreases as the substitution on the alkyl group increases.
What solvent is needed for forming Grignard reagents?
An Ether R-O-R
In addition of a Grignard reagent, what other reactant should you use to form primary alcohols?
Formaldehyde
In addition of a Grignard reagent, what other reactant should you use to form secondary alcohols
Aldehydes
In addition of a Grignard reagent, what other reactant should you use to form tertiary alcohols?
Ketones
What does addition to acid chlorides and esters produce?
2 R-MgX + acid chloride/ester = tertiary alchohol
Groups that protonate the Grignard or organolithium
O-H
N-H
S-H
C=-C-H
Groups that attack the Grignard or organolithium
C=O
C=N
C=-N
S=O
N=O
What is NaBH4 used for?
NaBH4 reduces:
aldehydes —> primary alcohols
ketones —> secondary alcohols
What solvents are used for NaBH4 reduction?
Acohols, ethers, and water.
What is LiAlH4 used for?
- Much stronger than sodium borohydride
Reduces:
ketones —> secondary alcohols
aldehydes, acids, esters —> primary alcohols
What solvent is used for LiAlH4 reduction?
Dilute acid
When deciding at what end of the chain to start, which has more priority?
OH or a double bond
Alcohol groups have higher priority than double bonds (chain begins closer to alcohols)
Naming diols
Indicate place where OHs are and leave the main carbon chain with “ane” ending -
(1-phenylhexane-1,5-diol)
When is the term “glycol” used in naming?
Glycol is used when 2 alcohols are vicinal to each other
What is ethylene oxide?
