Chapter 10

Question 1

Effects of children receiving praise for mediocre performance

Answer 1

Have inflated self esteem, may have difficulty handling competition and criticism

Question 2

Self efficacy

Answer 2

Belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes: I can

Question 3

Kohlbergs: pre conventional reasoning

Answer 3

Lowest level of moral reasoning, is controlled by external rewards and punishment

Question 4

Kohlbergs conventional reasoning

Answer 4

Second level, individuals abide by certain standards set by others

Question 5

Kohlbergs post conventional reasoning

Answer 5

Highest level, individual recognizing moral courses and explores options while deciding their own moral code

Question 6

Stage 1 and 2

Answer 6

Heteronormous mortality: moral thinking leads to punishment

Individualism, instrumental purpose and exchange: people pursue their own purpose but let others do the same

Question 7

Stage 3 mutual interpersonal expectations and relationships

Answer 7

Individuals value trust, caring and loyalty to others as a basis of moral judgments

Question 8

Stage 4 social systems morality

Answer 8

Moral judgments are based on understanding the social order law justice and duty

Question 9

Stage 5 social contract or utility and individual rights

Answer 9

Individuals reason that values rights and principles undergird or transcend the law

Question 10

Stage 6 universal ethical principles

Answer 10

Individuals develop a moral standard based on universal human rights

Question 11

Gender stereotyping

Answer 11

Broad categories that reflect general impression and beliefs about males and females

Question 12

Emotions males report more than females

Answer 12

Anger and physical aggression

Question 13

Coregulation

Answer 13

Results in both the parents and children sharing control and typically occurs in the middle and late part of childhood

Question 14

Popular children and Neglected

Answer 14

P:Frequently nominated, best friend and rarely disliked, listen carefully, maintain open lines of communication with peers are happy to control their negative emotions and act themselve

N: in frequently nominated best friend, but not disliked

Question 15

Aggression towards peers in elementary school

Answer 15

Best predictor of whether rejected children will engage in delinquent behavior or drop out of school later during adolescence

Question 16

Types of bullying most commonly experienced

Answer 16

Looks and speech
Religion and race
Physical
Sexual comments
Rumors

Question 17

Likely characteristics of teachers and students who live in poverty

Answer 17

Less experience, more likely to promote rote learning

(Memorization technique based on repetition)