Chapter 10

Question 1

The measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object is….

Answer 1

temperature

Question 2

True or false? Gas particles have a higher average kinetic energy than liquid particles.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What is thermal expansion?

Answer 3

Thermal expansion is an increase in the size of a substance (it expands) in response to an increase in the temperature of the substance.

Question 4

What is the measure of temperature at which molecular energy is at its minimum and kinetic energy stops?

Answer 4

Absolute zero

Question 5

We typically measure the weather in terms of ….?

Answer 5

degrees Fahrenheit

Question 6

The three temperature scales are… ?

Answer 6

Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin

Question 7

Absolute zero is the lowest temperature on which scale?

Answer 7

Kelvin

Question 8

Water freezes at what temperature on the Celsius scale?

Answer 8

0 degrees

Question 9

Water boils at what temperature on the Fahrenheit Scale?

Answer 9

212 degrees

Question 10

What is heat?

Answer 10

Heat is the ENERGY that is transferred between objects that are at different temperatures.

Question 11

Some things feel cold to our touch because … ?

Answer 11

Heat always transfers from the object with the higher temperature to the object with the lower temperature. When an object such as a stethoscope touches our body, thermal energy is transferred away from our body into the object (which makes the skin feel cold).

Question 12

thermal energy is … ?

Answer 12

the kinetic energy of a substance’s atoms

Question 13

Can two substances have the same temperature but different amounts of thermal energy?

Answer 13

Yes - review the example on pg. 281

Question 14

Heat transfers in three different ways. What are they?

Answer 14

Conduction, Convection, and Radiation

Question 15

Conduction is …

Answer 15

the transfer of thermal energy from one substance to another through direct contact (they touch each other) An example is the spoon in a pot of boiling water. It will gradually get hotter and hotter because thermal energy is being transferred to the spoon through direct contact with the boiling water

Question 16

Convection is …

Answer 16

Convection is the transfer of thermal energy by the circulation or movement of liquid or gas.

Question 17

Radiation is …

Answer 17

Radiation is thermal energy transfer by electromagnetic waves. Unlike Convection and Conduction, Radiation can cause energy to transfer between particles of matter OR across empty space.

Question 18

Substances that conduct thermal energy very well are called …?

Answer 18

thermal conductors (examples: copper pipe, cookie sheet, iron skillet)

Question 19

Substances that do not conduct thermal energy very well are called …?

Answer 19

thermal insulators (thermal insulators reduce or prevent the transfer of heat) (examples: an oven mitt, fiberglass insulation)

Question 20

Specific Heat is the amount of energy needed to do what?

Answer 20

Specific Heat is the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree C

Question 21

Our atmosphere and land have a low specific heat. Water has a high specific heat. Why do swimming pools have a cooler temperature than the air on a hot summer day?

Answer 21

The same amount of thermal energy heats up the air more than it heats up the water, because water has a higher specific heat.

Question 22

Heat is expressed in what measure?

Answer 22

Joules