Chapter 10 Flashcards
Motor Learning
refers to the process by which a person develops, through a combination of physical and psychological factors, the ability to perform a task.
Explain the three stages of Motor Learning and apply them to a sport or skill of your choice.
Cognitive Stage
Beginners gain some basic understanding of how to perform a task
Some simple cognitive problems must be addressed, such as understanding the basics of a game
(Ex. avoid touching the soccer ball with your hands only using your feet)
Associative Stage
Learners begin to refine their skills and develop an awareness of the mistakes they are making which leads to fewer and less pronounced errors
(Ex. better passing and scoring skills in soccer.)
Autonomous Stage
A skill becomes almost automatic and the person is able to “just do” that activity while concentrating on highly refined aspects of the skill
The body and mind are working together to allow this progression in skill development to occur
(Ex. professionals and highly trained athletes movements become seamless and worry more about timing of the skill)
Explain the three main components or phases of movement and apply them to a skill of your choice. (Golf Swing)
Preparation Phase
The body prepares to perform a skill
Proper preparation ensures that a skill is performed the way it is intended
(Ex. in a tennis swing, the ultimate speed and direction of the ball are determined by the backswing and by the leg, arm and wrist motion prior to impact)
Execution Phase
Generates momentum and requires the proper technique to carry out or execute the skill. The main action is carried out by applying the correct amount of force at the critical moment
(Ex. using the soccer example, the kicking swing of the leg and striking the ball)
Follow Through Phase
Key to accuracy and force production.
(Ex. If skill starts too soon, not enough power will be generated. If too late the body will be unstable, resulting in an inability to re-engage in movement quickly.)
Knowledge of Performance (KP) Feedback
involves observing and commenting on the performance itself
Knowledge of Results (KR) Feedback
involves observing and commenting on the results (outcomes) of an action or a series of actions
Provide several examples of the main fundamental movement skills.
Stability (balance): bending, twisting.
Locomotion (travelling): running, jumping, skipping.
Manipulation (object control): dribbling, catching, throwing.
Explain how the transferability of skills can apply to learning a new skill of your choice.
the ability to apply or transfer the skills learned in the context of improving performance in one activity to a different activity
The acquisition of fundamental skills result in skill transferability
Skills transfer is more likely to take place across activities of a similar nature (net games of badminton and tennis)
Define: Ideal performance state and provide examples of how athletes describe this state.
Ideal Performance State - another term used when athletes are “in the zone” or in a “state of how” - a highly focused mental state that is conducive to the top performance
(Ex. self talk, imagery/visualization, relaxation/arousal regulation, improving motivation and developing concentration/coping strategies)
Provide a few examples of Psychological Skills training and how they are used to enhance an athlete’s performance.
Sport Psychology - the study of how people think, feel and behave in sporting situations and the mental processes that govern how athletes behave in training and competition
(Ex. self talk, imagery/visualization, relaxation/arousal regulation, improving motivation and developing concentration/coping strategies)
