Chapter 10 Flashcards

Question

What is a Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP)?

Answer 1

do not easily break down in the environment because they are synthetic, carbon-based molecules (such as DDT and PCBs) - Stays in the soil for a long time - Gets into the water, gets to mosquitoes and other water organisms that live there - Zooplankton eaten by fish, fish by bigger fish, bigger fish by birds and us.

Answer 2

caused the eggshell of big birds to be thin and easily destroyable due to DDT or POP

Answer 3

the ability of chemicals to damage the genetic information within a cell resulting in mutations, which may lead to malignancies.

Answer 4

refers to the accumulation of substances, such as pesticides, or other organic chemicals in an organisms Low level of toxin get amplified as it gets higher on the pyramid, becoming highly toxic at the top

Answer 5

mercury poisoning

Answer 6

Food poisoning that comes from eating reef fish Ciguatera toxins (ciguatoxins) accumulates in an organisms tissues Most obvious symptom is hot = cold, cold = hot Gambierdiscus toxicans is the main dinoflagellate (algae) that produces a toxin to discourage herbivores Made by how a natural toxin bioaccumulates or builds up within the fishes. - 10 small fishes eaten by 1 big fish has a higher rate of toxin than one small fish.

Answer 7

Begins six to eat hours after eating. Symptoms include: Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Muscle pain Numbness Tingling Abdominal pain Dizziness Vertigo

Answer 8

Yes naturally produces toxins can also bioaccumulate

Answer 9

Red dinoflagellates (Gonyaulax) that multiply rapidly. Due to their large numbers, the sea appears red in colour. They release large amounts of toxins in water that can cause death of a large number of fishes.

Answer 10

Species that are under threat of extinction may receive protection The Endangered Species Act of 1973 provides a framework to conserve and protect endangered and threatened species and their habitats both domestically and abroad. EX. If a habitat holds that endangered species, then the owner of the plot can’t affect the endangered animals land/terrain

Answer 11

Prohibits killing or injuring marine mammals, except under certain circumstances. This program provides an annual exemption for the incidental mortality or injury of marine mammals that occurs during commercial fishing.

Answer 12

Trade of endangered species is restricted Tries to solve the problem of illegal taking of endangered species at the source, not just to monitor the trade An international agreement, signed by 184 parties in 1973, designed to ensure that international trade in animals and plants does not threaten their survival in the wild. EX. Control the product of the an endangered species and protects them

Answer 13

Local Laws

Answer 14

Critical habitat Designation prevents federal government agencies from modifying the habitat of the Endangered species.

Answer 15

Plants, animals, and microorganisms (diseases) harm people or things that are valued such as crops and landscapes. Rapidly populate Spread and multiply Accidentally introduced They “escape” cultivation and begin to invade the native landscape.

Answer 16

These are those whose populations have declined so low that they are in danger of becoming extinct.

Answer 17

endemism, endemics Isolation promotes endemism because the number of new arrivals tends to be slower than species divergence.

Answer 18

Island populations tend to be small Island populations are isolated and often endemic Endemic populations often evolved with minimal competition, predators, or disease Many endemic species on islands have low reproductive rates and the populations are less able to recover from catastrophe

Answer 19

An event when species vanish much faster than they are replaced.

Answer 20

Both physical AND chemical conditions in a place and the range of those conditions in which each species can thrive.

Answer 21

The addition of harmful materials or heat to natural ecosystems. Ex. Plastic, carbon dioxide, DDT, etc.

Answer 22

Pollution comes from one single source. - When pollution comes from major identifiable sources or outfalls, such as a factory or sewer outfalls.

Answer 23

Pollution comes from multiple small sources. - If there are a great many small points or undefined places of entry into the environment

Answer 24

Human domestic wastes and animal wastes - causes health problems and affects marine communities Pigs

Answer 25

Involves screening the raw sewage and allowing some of the solids to settle out. Sedimentation, where solids separate from the water through several different tanks. - The wastewater is generally chlorinated to disinfect it before it is discharged. The sludge can be heat-sterilized and used as an agricultural manure as long as it does not have toxic compounds in it. - In most cities, sewage is given only PRIMARY TREATMENT before it is piped into the ocean.

Answer 26

Uses decomposer microbes to break down the very small particles of organic matter. Used when waste go into rivers that serve as drinking water.

Answer 27

Take dissolved nutrients out of the water, to prevent eutrophication. Eliminating non-biodegradable pollutants. It follows primary and secondary treatment. This technique allows the removal of phosphorus and nitrogen contained in the water to refine it. It is based on the use of chemical and physical processes.

Answer 28

Additions of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, to aquatic ecosystems. This often results in explosive growth of plants that then affects the entire ecosystem.

Answer 29

Used to measure the potential presence of fecal material and associated pathogens in water and soil

Answer 30

An engineered method of disposing of solid waste on land in a manner that protects the environment, by spreading the waste in thin layers, compacting it to the smallest practical volume, and covering it with compacted soil by the end of each working day or at more frequent intervals if necessary.

Answer 31

Grass Topsoil Sand Clay Trash

Answer 32

Trash Sand Synthetic Liner Sand Clay Subsoil

Answer 33

Collected waste into raw material, then manufacturing new products from it. It is not the same as reusing products, which is also a useful method for saving waste. - The best way to reduce the problem of trash disposal is to produce less trash (source reduction)

Answer 34

Rainwater that percolate through the garbage and leach out chemicals on its way to rivers or the ocean.