chapter 10 Flashcards
Republic (10.2)-
Republic (10.2)- a form of government in which people elect their leaders
Representative Government
(10.2)- leaders are elected by the people to serve in government and represent the views of the entire society
Consuls (10.2)-
Consuls (10.2)-
1. most powerful position;
2. issued laws
3. led the army
How many people were in the Roman sennate
300
How long did people hold the position in the Roman senate ?
held position for life;
what was the most important part part of the Roman government
Roman Senate (10.2)-
what did the roman sennate Do?
made decisions about:
1. laws
2. foreign policy
3. finance
Assembly (10.2)-
- protected rights of the plebeians;
- could veto the actions of consuls or Senate
“Separation of power” (10.2)-
No one person, group, or branch of government has all the power.
Pax Romana (10.3)-
Roman Peace
Census
a system of counting members of a society
Etruscans (10.2)-
Etruscans (10.2)- The Etruscans lived on the Italian peninsula as early as 700 BCE.
Heavily influenced by the Greeks;
Greek alphabet
The Doric columns used in so much of Roman architecture
The toga, often seen as the symbol of Roman dress, was an Etruscan creation
Roman drama benefited from Etruscan influence as well
King Tarquinius Superbus (10.2)-
last Etruscan king;
rebelled against by the Romans, expelled in 509 BCE,
leading to the start of the Roman Republic
Patricians (10.2)-
- priests
- government officials
- wealthy landowners could hold office
Plebeians (10.2)-
common people such as artisans, laborers, and farmers;
could not hold office until they fought and won the right to do so (in the assembly)
Gaius Julius Caesar (10.3)-
- member of the First Triumvirate;
- Roman general and statesman, would be consul and eventually dictator “for life” (Imperator) of Rome.
- Murdered by his senators
** his death and passing of his rule onto his nephew ended the Roman Republic and led to the Roman Empire*
Pompey the Great (10.3)
- member of the First Triumvirate,
- Roman general and statesman who tried to manipulate the Senate into taking Caesar’s power from him was defeated and chased by Caesar to Egypt
- where he was killed (EC he kicked jews out of Isreal)
Cleopatra (10.3)
- leader of Egypt
- allied with Caesar after Pompey was killed
- allied with Mark Antony after he left Octavia.
- Defeated by Caesar Augustus.
Marcus Junius Brutus (10.3)-
- Pompey supporter pardoned by Caesar,
- Made governor of Gaul.
- Assisted in the conspiracy to kill Caesar
Caesar’s nephew Octavian,
Caesar Augustus (10.3)
member of the Second Triumvirate.
Defeated Cassius and Brutus, split ruling Rome with the Triumvirate.
Defeated Mark Antony to take control of Rome. Changed name to Caesar Augustus and began the Roman Empire.
Mark Antony (10.3)-
member of the Second Triumvirate,
married ( Cesar Agustus) Octavian’s sister Octavia,
but left her for Cleopatra. Was defeated by Octavian aka Caesar Augustus.
How did Rome begin ?
**Rome began as a collection of small towns on the 7 hills near the Tiber River in Italy
When was the RR formed ?
Roman Republic was formed after the last Etruscan King was defeated
How did the plebians get political power ?
Plebeians threatened to leave Rome and form a new city with their own government, causing the patricians to allow plebeians to hold public office positions
What were the 12 tables
Rome’s first written laws were produced on 12 bronze tablets: the 12 Tables
how many consul need to be a plebian
at least 1 of the 2
Julius C.’s life
60 BCE (10.3 page 1)- First Triumvirate established between Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus
59 BCE (10.3 page 1)- Caesar elected consul
49 BCE (10.3 page 2)- Caesar and his army “crossed the Rubicon”
48 BCE (10.3 page 2)- Caesar defeats Pompey, forcing him to flee to Egypt, where Pompey is killed (same year)
44 BCE (10.3 page 3)- Caesar murdered
Civil War (10.3)-
instead of restoring “order” to the Republic, Caesar’s assassination caused a civil war, as many plebeians supported Caesar.
Caesar’s supporters fought against the armies of Cassius and Brutus.
Constantinople
(10.5 explore page 5 blue link)- “New Rome,”
“Constantine City,” and formerly “Byzantium” the new capital of the Roman Empire and Eastern Roman Empire
Influence by the Greeks on the Romans (10.1):
- The houses had the same stone foundations
- The alphabet was adapted from the Greek alphabet
- They adopted Greek history, education, and philosophy
- Religion was based on the Greeks’ religion
Advantages of Rome’s location (10.1):
- Hills and mountains – provided protection from outside attacks
- Climate – made it possible to have year-long farming and a strong agriculture
who started the Roman Empire
Roman Empire (10.3) –> Roman leadership passed dynastically to the descendants of the previous emperor; started by Caesar Augustus.
Effects of the gap between the wealthy and the poor
- No incentive to develop new technologies
- Tension between the wealthy and poor
- Murder and theft
- Poor were malnourished
- Wealthy houses were so big that there wasn’t room to build ordinary houses
- Common houses would collapse due to low-quality concrete
Effects of the fall of the Roman Empire (10.5 explore page 8)-
- Barbarian kings ruled former Roman provinces
- Roman culture was eventually forgotten and was replaced by the folk traditions of the Germanic people
- Severe food shortages
- Beginning of the early Middle Ages, aka the Dark Ages
