Chapter 10 Flashcards
Religion and Reform
Circuit Riders
Methodist itinerant preachers made their revivalist forms the fastest growing denomination
Spiritual Egalitarianism
- One of the most important transformations to emerge out of the 2nd Great Awakening
- Happened in revivals and camp meetings that would break down traditional and social conventions.
Preached by new churches alongisde optimisn that fitted with the American context of the 19th century.
Transcendentalism
Belief in a higher spiritual principle within each person that could be trusted to discover truth, guide moral actionm and inspire art. (Soul, Spirit, Mind, or Reason)
- Created by European romanticism with a distinct American future-oriented cast
- emphasized individualism, optimism, oneness with nature
General Anti-Slavery Convention of 1840
A strong abolitionist movement consisting of more than 500 abolitionists
- Met in England with a goal of ending slavery
- Fostered great cooperation among reformers in England and the US
Benevolent Empire
A series of social reform movements linked to evangelical religious movements, often through missionary work in cities and on the frontier.
- Promote middle class norms and address myraid problems (gambling, prostituiton)
- Produced reform agendas and institutional changes that have reverberated through the 20th and 21st century
Temperance
Helped with the the “Benevolent Empire” (largest reform movement)
- stop Americans’ consumption of alcohol, abolitionist campaign to eradicate slavery in the US, and women’s political and economic rights
- maintaining order and morality in the young republic
American Temperance Society
Created by evangelical ministers to help spread the temperance crusade nationally.
- supported lecture campaigns, produced temperance literature, and organized revivals to encourage individuals to give up drinking.
Immediatism
An anti-slavery idea of radical opposition to slavery that called for immediate abolition
Frederick Douglass
A reformer who created an autobiography and earned supporters across the Atlantic.
- Assisted in the abolitionist movement and his sucess contributed to the moral among abolitionists.
Harriet Tubman
Was a famous “conductor” on the Underground railroad leaving many enslaved people to freedom in the North
William Llyod Garrision
Publisher of The Liberator. Was inspiried by writers, David Walker and James Forten
- was a baptist
- life illustrated immediatism
- Dedicated efforts towards persuading public to reestablish nations on anti-slavery grounds
- Founders of the American Anti-Slavery society
The Liberator
A newspaper that helped organize crusades dedicated to promote emancipation and black citizenship.
Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
Raised the stakes of abolitionism
- harshly penalized officials who failed to arrest runaways and private citizens who tried to help the runaways
(Made American anti-slavery a violent period)
Lucretia Mott / Elizabeth Cady Stanton
A quaker who organized Seneca Falls Convention which adovocated women’s rights and problems facing women
- campaigned for women’s rights, abolition, and equality
Cult of Domesticity / Cult of True Womanhood
Middle class ethics consigned women to the domestic sphere
Expectations that women were pious, pure, submissive, domestic, and guardians who would pass down virtues
- divide world into public space of work and space of leisure and morality.
- increased access to education
- increased free time
- increased social activism
- opportunities for women to break outof the household
