chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

monosaccharides are….

A

aldehydes or ketones that contain two or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups

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2
Q

the smallest monosaccharides are composed of

A

3 carbons (triose)

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3
Q

constitutional isomer

A

specific types of isomers that share the same molecular formula but have different bonding atomic organization and bonding patterns

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4
Q

stereoisomer

A

isomers that differ in spatial arrangement of atoms, rather than order of atomic connectivity

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5
Q

list the 6 common monosaccharides

A

D-ribose, D-Deoxyribose, D-glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose, D-fructose

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6
Q

aldehyde + alcohol =

A

hemiacetal

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7
Q

ketone + alcohol =

A

hemiketal

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8
Q

glucose + alcohol =

A

6 carbon ring pyranose

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9
Q

fructose + alcohol =

A

five carbon ring furanose

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10
Q

formation of cyclic hemiacetal creates

A

anomer

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11
Q

a form means

A

hydroxyl at C-1 is on the opposite side as C-6

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12
Q

b form means

A

hydroxyl at C-1 is on the same side as C-6

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13
Q

sugars that react with oxidizing agents are called

A

reducing sugars

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14
Q

fehling’s solution

A

deep blue alkaline solution which is used to identify the presence of aldehydes or groups that contain any aldehyde functional group -CHO

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15
Q

glycoside

A

product of the bond formed between the anomeric carbon atom and an oxygen atom of an alcohol (called an O-glycosidic bond)

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16
Q

N-glycosidic bond

A

bond formed between the anomeric carbon and an amine

17
Q

oligosaccharides

A

contain two or more monosaccharides linked by O-glycosidic bond

18
Q

sucrose

A

a glucose linked to b fructose
non-reducing sugar

19
Q

lactose

A

galactose linked to fructose by B-1-4 linkage

20
Q

maltose

A

two glucose molecules linked by a-1-4 linkage
reducing sugar

21
Q

polysaccharides

A

glycogen - storage form of glucose in animal cells

22
Q

glucose in plants

A

stored as starch - two forms:
-amylose + amylopectin

23
Q

cellulose

A

homopolymer of glucose
B - straight chain
a - hollow cylinders for storage

24
Q

glycoprotein

A

carbohydrate linked to protein

25
Q

3 main classes of glycoproteins

A

glycoproteins, proteoglycans, mucins or mucoproteins

26
Q

glycoproteins

A

protein is largest component
membrane proteins - main function

27
Q

proteoglycans

A

carbohydrate (sugar) is the main component
structural role/lubricant - main function

28
Q

mucins/mucoproteins

A

carbohydrate (sugar) is main component
lubricant - main function

29
Q

in all classes of glycoproteins, how are carbohydrates attached to proteins

A

carbohydrates attached to nitrogen atom in side chain of asparagine (asn) or oxygen atom in side chain of threonine (thr) or serine (ser)

30
Q

three amino acids of protein that carbohydrates attach to in glycoprotein

A

asparagine (asn), serine (ser), threonine (thr)

31
Q

what is cartilage made of

A

proteoglycan aggrecan and collagen