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Medical Terminology (in Person) > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Epilepsy

A

Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity.

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2
Q

Huntington’s disease

A

Hereditary disorder marked by degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration.

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3
Q

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

A

Destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue.

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4
Q

Palsy

A

Paralysis (partial or complete loss of motor function). Cerebral palsy is partial paralysis and lack of muscular coordination caused by loss of oxygen (hypoxia) or blood flow to the cerebrum during pregnancy or in the perinatal period.

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5
Q

Bell palsy

A

paralysis on one side of the face. The likely cause is a viral infection

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6
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

Degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occurring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement.

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7
Q

Tourette’s

A

Involuntary spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds; and inappropriate words.

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8
Q

herpes zoster (shingles)

A

Viral infection affecting peripheral nerves.

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9
Q

Meningitis

A

Inflammation of the meninges; leptomeningitis. This condition can be caused by bacteria (pyogenic meningitis) or viruses

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10
Q

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

A

Brain disease and dementia occurring with AIDS.

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11
Q

cerebral contusion

A

Bruising of brain tissue resulting from direct trauma to the head.

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12
Q

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

A

Disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke.

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13
Q

Thrombotic stroke

A

blood clot (thrombus) in the arteries leading to the brain, resulting in occlusion

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14
Q

Embolic stroke

A

an embolus (a dislodged thrombus) travels to cerebral arteries and occludes a vessel. This type of stroke occurs very suddenly.

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15
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke

A

a cerebral artery breaks and bleeding occurs. This type of stroke can be fatal and results from advancing age, atherosclerosis, or high blood pressure

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16
Q

Major risk factors for strokes

A

The major risk factors for stroke are hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and heart disease.

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17
Q

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)

A

Surgical intervention with carotid endarterectomy (removal of the atherosclerotic plaque along with the inner lining of the affected carotid artery) also is possible.

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18
Q

cerebrospinal fluid analysis

A

Samples of CSF are examined. CSF analysis measures protein, glucose, and red (RBC) and white (WBC) blood cells as well as other chemical contents of the CSF.

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19
Q

cerebral angiography

A

X-ray imaging of the arterial blood vessels in the brain after injection of contrast material.

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20
Q

computed tomography (CT) of the brain

A

Computerized x-ray technique that generates multiple images of the brain and spinal cord.

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21
Q

electroencephalography (EEG)

A

Recording of the electrical activity of the brain.

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22
Q

lumbar puncture (LP)

A

CSF is withdrawn from between two lumbar vertebrae for analysis

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23
Q

LOC

A

Level of consciousness

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24
Q

ICP

A

Intracranial Pressure

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25
Q

DTR

A

Deep tendon Reflex

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26
Q

Rombergs test

A

Tests for cerebellar function (balance)

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27
Q

Babinski test

A

Test on the sole of the foot where it stimulates an inflection of the toes is observed

28
Q

Burr holes

A

Small holes that relieve pressure on the brain

29
Q

Cerebellar

A

Coordination of voluntary movements and balance

30
Q

Cerebral

A

Thinking, personality, sensations, movements, memory

31
Q

Subdural Hematoma

A

A pool of blood between the brain and its outermost covering

32
Q

Epidural Hematoma

A

Occurs when blood accumulates between the skull and Dura Mater

33
Q

Encephalitis

A

Inflammation of the brain

34
Q

Encephalopathy

A

Damage or disease that affects the brain

35
Q

Anencephaly

A

a serious birth defect in which a baby is born without parts of the brain and skull.

36
Q

Glioblastoma

A

Malignant tumor affecting the brain or spine

37
Q

Meningeal

A

Pertaining to the meninges

38
Q

Myelomeningocele

A

A birth defect in which the child’s backbone and spinal cord don’t close before birth

39
Q

Myoneural

A

Pertaining to both muscle and nerve

40
Q

Myelopathy

A

Disease of the spinal cord

41
Q

Neuropathy

A

Disease of the nerves

42
Q

Polyneuritis

A

Inflammation of many peripheral nerves at the same time

43
Q

Radiculopathy

A

injury or damage to nerve roots in the area where they leave the spine

44
Q

Radiculitis

A

Inflammation of nerve roots

45
Q

Vagal

A

Pertaining to the vagus nerve

46
Q

Analgesia

A

Absence of pain

47
Q

Hypalgesia

A

Decreased sensitivity to pain

48
Q

Neuralgia

A

a sharp, shocking pain that follows the path of a nerve and is due to irritation or damage to the nerve

49
Q

Cephalgia

A

pain affecting the head, face, or neck

50
Q

Causalgia

A

a constant, usually burning pain that results from injury to a peripheral nerve

51
Q

Comatose

A

in a state of deep and usually prolonged unconsciousness

52
Q

Anesthesia

A

the use of medicines to prevent pain during surgery and other procedures

53
Q

Hyperesthesia

A

a neurological condition that causes a person extreme sensitivity to touch, pain, pressure, and thermal sensations

54
Q

Paresthesia

A

the sensation of tingling, burning, pricking or prickling (pins and needles)

55
Q

Bradykinesia

A

slowness of movement and speed

56
Q

Hyperkinesis

A

abnormally increased and sometimes uncontrollable activity or muscular movements

57
Q

Dyskinesia

A

Uncontrolled, involuntary muscle movement.

58
Q

Narcolepsy

A

A chronic sleep disorder that causes overwhelming daytime drowsiness

59
Q

Hemiparesis

A

Muscle weakness or partial paralysis on one side of the body that can affect the arms, legs, and facial muscles

60
Q

Aphasia

A

A language disorder that affects a person’s ability to communicate.

61
Q

Hemiplegia

A

paralysis of one side of the body

62
Q

Paraplegia

A

Paralysis that affects all or part of the trunk, legs, and pelvic organs.

63
Q

Quadriplegia

A

a symptom of paralysis that affects all a person’s limbs and body from the neck down.

64
Q

Apraxia

A

Difficulty with skilled movements even when a person has the ability and desire to do them

65
Q

Syncope

A

Loss of consciousness

66
Q

Ataxia

A

Impaired balance or coordination

Medical Terminology (in Person) (7 decks)

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