Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nursing Research > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Which is a population?
A) Four hundred nurses selected from a membership list of the American Nurses’ Association
B) All traumatic brain injury clients hospitalized in intensive care units in California during 2017
C) Caregivers recruited into a study because they are caring for patients with Parkinson disease
D) Study participants diagnosed with COPD who currently smoke

A

B) All traumatic brain injury clients hospitalized in intensive care units in California during 2017

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A nurse researcher identified her accessible population as women with high-risk pregnancies in the state of New York. Which population might the researcher target?
A) All pregnant women in the state of New York
B) All women with high-risk pregnancies in the United States
C) All women with high-risk pregnancies in the city of Albany, New York
D) All pregnant women in northeast United States

A

B) All women with high-risk pregnancies in the United States

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A nurse researcher is studying fear of falling in community-dwelling elders. Which might be a reasonable exclusion criterion?
A) People age 65 years or younger
B) People who live in their own homes
C) People who have periods of dizziness
D) People who are married

A

A) People age 65 years or younger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In the context of a study, what is sampling?
A) Identifying a set of criteria for selecting study participants
B) Determining who is eligible to participate in a study
C) Selecting a subset of the population to represent the entire population
D) Ensuring that every element in the population has an equal chance of being included in the study

A

C) Selecting a subset of the population to represent the entire population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is sampling bias in quantitative studies?
A) Lack of heterogeneity in the population on the attribute of interest
B) Sample selection using nonprobability sampling methods
C) The margin of error in the data obtained from samples
D) Systematic over- or underrepresentation of a key attribute vis-à-vis the population

A

D) Systematic over- or underrepresentation of a key attribute vis-à-vis the population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In quantitative studies, what is a key criterion for evaluating sample quality?
A) How representativeness the sample is of the population
B) How easy it is to recruit sample members
C) How convenient it is to the researchers
D) How ethically sound the recruitment strategy is

A

A) How representativeness the sample is of the population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A nurse researcher is studying medication compliance in hypertensive patients. Among those recruited to participate in the study, 50% of the women and 20% of the men agreed to participate. This situation is likely to lead to:
A) revised eligibility criteria.
B) a power analysis.
C) revised definition of the target population.
D) sampling bias.

A

D) sampling bias.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which statement about sampling is true?
A) The most basic units of a population are referred to as strata.
B) Strata are a means of equating the accessible population with the target population.
C) In a population of geriatric patients, those with and without a diagnosis of dementia would comprise two strata.
D) The use of strata in a sampling strategy can reduce the representativeness of the sample.

A

C) In a population of geriatric patients, those with and without a diagnosis of dementia would comprise two strata.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A nurse researcher recruits study participants by placing a recruitment poster at the entrance to a neurology clinic. What type of sampling did the researcher use?
A) Convenience sampling
B) Quota sampling
C) Purposive sampling
D) Consecutive sampling

A

A) Convenience sampling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A nurse researcher is studying emergency department visits by parents of children under age 3 years who were low-birth-weight infants. Every parent who brought a low-birth-weight child to the emergency department over a 12-month period was invited to participate in the study. What type of sampling did the researcher use?
A) Convenience sampling
B) Quota sampling
C) Purposive sampling
D) Consecutive sampling

A

D) Consecutive sampling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which sampling design would be most likely to yield a representative sample?
A) Consecutive sampling
B) Convenience sampling
C) Purposive sampling
D) Quota sampling

A

A) Consecutive sampling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Strata are incorporated into the design of which sampling approach?
A) Consecutive
B) Purposive
C) Quota
D) Convenience

A

C) Quota

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A researcher is studying the relationship between stress and diet among college students. The researcher recruits students by sending out an e-mail blast, and then includes in the sample the first 100 male and 100 female students who volunteer to participate. What type of sampling did the researcher use?
A) Convenience sampling
B) Quota sampling
C) Purposive sampling
D) Consecutive sampling

A

B) Quota sampling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which is the weakest form of sampling for quantitative studies?
A) Convenience sampling
B) Quota sampling
C) Purposive sampling
D) Consecutive sampling

A

A) Convenience sampling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which is a probability sampling method?
A) Convenience sampling
B) Systematic sampling
C) Consecutive sampling
D) Quota sampling

A

B) Systematic sampling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A researcher was studying nurses’ attitudes toward evidence-based practice and sent a questionnaire to a sample of nurses on a membership roster of a professional organization, using probability methods to select the members. What type of sampling did the researcher use?
A) Simple random sampling
B) Stratified random sampling
C) Multistage sampling
D) Systematic sampling

A

A) Simple random sampling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A researcher extracted information about hospital readmissions from a population of 9,000 patient records. The researcher sampled every 30th record from the population, beginning with record number 7. What type of sampling did the researcher use?
A) Simple random sampling
B) Stratified random sampling
C) Multistage sampling
D) Systematic sampling

A

D) Systematic sampling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

If a target population contains 10,600 elements and the researcher seeks a systematic random sample of 50. What is the sampling interval?
A) 106
B) 600
C) 212
D) 50

A

C) 212

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A researcher used a systematic sampling plan. The sample size was 200. The sampling interval was 250. The first element drawn was 196. What is the second element?
A) 396
B) 450
C) 446
D) 646

A

C) 446

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which term is used for the difference between sample values and population values?
A) Sampling error
B) Sampling interval
C) Sampling bias
D) Sampling frame

A

A) Sampling error

21
Q

Which is a consequence of having too small a sample?
A) Lack of control over confounding variables
B) Insufficient power to detect differences in groups being compared
C) Lack of ability to stratify the sample
D) Sampling bias

A

B) Insufficient power to detect differences in groups being compared

22
Q

A nurse researcher studied smokers versus nonsmokers in terms of their levels of stress. Which would be a factor affecting the sample size requirements for this study?
A) The type of sampling used (e.g., convenience, random, etc.)
B) The number of eligible people in the sampling pool
C) The size of the target population
D) How large the group differences on the outcome are in the population

A

D) How large the group differences on the outcome are in the population

23
Q

What procedure do researchers use to estimate how large a sample they need?
A) Randomization
B) Screening
C) Power analysis
D) Stratification

A

C) Power analysis

24
Q

Which data collection method is the most widely used by nurse researchers?
A) Records
B) Self-reports
C) Observation
D) Biophysiologic measures

A

B) Self-reports

25
Q

ata from self-reports are sometimes called:
A) interviews.
B) questionnaires.
C) observations.
D) patient-reported outcomes.

A

D) patient-reported outcomes.

26
Q

Which is a major advantage of closed-ended questions?
A) They are easy to construct.
B) They are relatively easy to analyze.
C) They encourage in-depth responses.
D) They are not subject to response biases.

A

B) They are relatively easy to analyze

27
Q

Which is an example of an open-ended question?
A) Are you male or female?
B) Do you take a daily multivitamin?
C) What types of support did you feel you needed after your surgery?
D) How many cups of coffee do you drink each day?

A

C) What types of support did you feel you needed after your surgery?

28
Q

Why are interviews usually preferable to questionnaires for collecting research data?
A) They are less expensive.
B) They yield data that are easier to analyze.
C) Response rates are usually higher.
D) They offer the possibility of anonymity.

A

C) Response rates are usually higher.

29
Q

Which statement about interviews and questionnaires is true?
A) Questionnaires are feasible with most people.
B) Questionnaires offer the possibility of anonymity.
C) Questionnaires are more costly to administer than interviews.
D) Interviews can more readily be used to gather data from geographically dispersed samples.

A

B) Questionnaires offer the possibility of anonymity.

30
Q

A questionnaire included “During my hospital stay, staff were respectful of my needs as an individual.” Participants were asked to indicate, on a 5-point scale, the degree to which they agreed or disagreed with the statement. This question represents:
A) a forced choice question.
B) a rank order question.
C) a visual analog scale.
D) an item on a Likert scale.

A

D) an item on a Likert scale.

31
Q

On a 20-item Likert scale with five response alternatives, the range of possible scores is:
A) 0 to 100.
B) 20 to 80.
C) 20 to 100.
D) 1 to 20.

A

C) 20 to 100.

32
Q

What is the name of a self-report method used to measure subjective experiences such as pain and fatigue?
A) Composite scales
B) Dichotomous questions
C) Visual analog scales
D) Likert scales

A

C) Visual analog scales

33
Q

The social desirability response set bias is least likely to be a problem on scales incorporated into which?
A) Annonymous questionaires
B) Face-to-face interviews
C) Telephone interviews
D) All options are equally susceptible.

A

A) Annonymous questionaires

34
Q

Structured self-reports are susceptible to several types of response bias. What is the name of the bias that results when people agree with items, regardless of content?
A) Social desirability
B) Extreme response
C) Naysayers
D) Acquiescence

A

D) Acquiescence

35
Q

Structured self-reports are susceptible to several types of response bias. What is the name of the bias that results when people consistently select the “strongly agree” or “strongly disagree” response alternatives?
A) Social desirability
B) Extreme response
C) Nay-sayers
D) Acquiescence

A

B) Extreme response

36
Q

When an observer is not concealed, the observational data may be biased because of:
A) reactivity.
B) ethical problems.
C) lack of mobility.
D) acquiescence bias.

A

A) reactivity.

37
Q

When structured observation is used to collect data, researchers often use a category system to construct:
A) a rating scale.
B) an exhaustive system.
C) a nonexhaustive system.
D) a checklist.

A

D) a checklist.

38
Q

A researcher studying interactions among nursing home residents schedules 5-minute observations, with six periods of observation per hour. What sampling strategy is the researcher using?
A) Event sampling
B) Quota sampling
C) Time sampling
D) Consecutive sampling

A

C) Time sampling

39
Q

Which is an advantage of observation as a method of data collection in a study?
A) Participants enjoy being observed.
B) Participants can remain anonymous.
C) Observation is less costly than distributing questionnaires.
D) Observation directly captures people’s behaviours.

A

D) Observation directly captures people’s behaviours.

40
Q

Which statement about biophysiologic measures is true?
A) In vivo measurements are performed outside a participant’s body.
B) Biophysiologic instruments are more likely to provide valid measures of the target variables than self-reports.
C) Biophysiologic measures are less accurate and precise than composite scales.
D) Oxygen saturation is an example of an in vitro measurement.

A

B) Biophysiologic instruments are more likely to provide valid measures of the target variables than self-reports.

41
Q

Which statement is true?
A) Measurement involves assigning numbers to represent the amount of an attribute according to rules.
B) When researchers develop a new measure, they must learn what measurement rules apply to it.
C) Most measures of attributes of interest to nurse researchers are free from measurement error.
D) Evaluation of a new measure involves an assessment of 10 distinct measurement properties.

A

A) Measurement involves assigning numbers to represent the amount of an attribute according to rules.

42
Q

What is the discipline concerned with the theory and methods of measuring psychosocial constructs?
A) Bibliometrics
B) Sociometrics
C) Psychometrics
D) Econometrics

A

C) Psychometrics

43
Q

Which measurement property concerns the extent to which scores for an attribute are free from measurement error?
A) Validity
B) Psychometrics
C) Replication
D) Reliability

A

C) Replication

44
Q

Which occurs in an assessment of test–retest reliability?
A) Two different raters simultaneously use the same instrument to measure people.
B) A measure is administered once to a sample of people.
C) A measure is administered to the same people on two occasions.
D) Alternative versions of an instrument are administered to the same people.

A

C) A measure is administered to the same people on two occasions.

45
Q

A nurse researcher developed a new 10-item scale to measure resilience. The researchers evaluated whether all 10 items were measuring the same trait. Which was being assessed?
A) Interrater reliability
B) Internal consistency
C) Test–retest reliability
D) Content reliability

A

B) Internal consistency

46
Q

A nurse researcher develops a new scale to measure preparedness for caregiving among family members of palliative care patients. A panel of experts is convened to assess whether the items on the draft scale adequately reflect the construct. What type of validity is being assessed?
A) Content validity
B) Face validity
C) Criterion validity
D) Construct validity

A

A) Content validity

47
Q

A nurse researcher developed a new scale to measure cigarette dependence and calculates the correlation between scale scores and a gold standard, salivary cotinine levels. What type of validity is being assessed?
A) Content validity
B) Face validity
C) Criterion validity
D) Construct validity

A

C) Criterion validity

48
Q

A nurse researcher developed a new scale to measure the self-care behaviours of adults with type 2 diabetes. The validation effort included a test of the hypothesis that people with high levels of HbA1c have significantly lower scores on the self-care scale than those with lower levels of HbA1c. What type of validity is being assessed?
A) Content validity
B) Face validity
C) Criterion validity
D) Construct validity

A

D) Construct validity

Nursing Research (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions