Chapter 10

Question 1

Molecules in a gas have complete freedom of motion.
KE overcomes the attractive forces between molecules.

Question 2

Molecules in a liquid have limited freedom of motion.
Have enough KE to overcome some of the forces.

Question 3

Molecules in a solid have no freedom of motion.
Though they vibrate, they can’t overcome the forces.

Question 4

How strong are gas IM forces?

Answer 4

Weak

Question 5

How strong are liquid IM forces?

Answer 5

Moderate

Question 6

How strong are solid IM forces?

Answer 6

Strong

Question 7

One state of matter can be transformed into another
by changing the

Answer 7

temperature, pressure, or both.

Question 8

When you change the temperature, you change the
kinetic energy of the particles

Question 9

− When you change the pressure, you change the
strength of the attractions between the particles

Question 10

Covalent bonds are held together by _________
forces. Are these strong or weak?

Answer 10

intramolecular, Strong

Question 11

Intermolecular attractions exist

Answer 11

between molecules

Question 12

Where do intermolecular attractions happen in molecules?

Answer 12

+ ion/end of polar molecule to - ion/end of polar molecule

Question 13

Are inter or intra molecular forces stronger? Why?

Answer 13

Usually intra, greater distance=less force to break attractions

Question 14

What determines Physical properties? EG boiling/melting points, vapor pressure, viscosity

Answer 14

Intermolecular forces

Question 15

Stronger Intermolecular forces can be correlated to

Answer 15

Higher melting/boiling point

Question 16

What are intermolecular forces also known as?

Answer 16

Van der Waals forces

Question 17

What are the 3 types of attractions between neutral molecules?

Answer 17

Dipole-dipole, Hydrogen bonding, London Dispersion

Question 18

What type of bonding involves ions?

Answer 18

Ion-dipole force

Question 19

Can nonpolar atoms have dipole-dipole attraction? Can nonpolar gases be liquefied?

Answer 19

No, Yes

Question 20

Who proposed London Dispersion forces?

Answer 20

Fritz London

Question 21

How do London Dispersion forces happen? How does this affect other atoms?

Answer 21

E- can end up on the same side of atom (normally try to repel each other), creating temporary polarity, which influences its neighbors. + wants to bind to -

Question 22

What are London Dispersion forces? Where are they found?

Answer 22

Attractions between an instantaneous
dipole and an induced dipole. All molecules, regardless of their polarity

Question 23

What is the trend of molecular weight and dispersion forces?

Answer 23

As MW increases, dispersion forces increase.

Question 24

Do long or short molecules have stronger London forces? Why

Answer 24

Longer, more surface area so they have more interactions

Question 25

What molecules have dipole dipole forces? Why?

Answer 25

All polar molecules, because they have permanent dipole moments

Question 26

What is a dipole?

Answer 26

A molecule with charged ends

Question 27

What is a dipole dipole force?

Answer 27

Dipoles interacting via opposite end attraction

Question 28

18 onward(Just highlighted stuff)

Question 29

What is hydrogen bonding?

Answer 29

A type of dipole dipole force where H (H bond donor) is directly bonded to N, O, or F (H bond acceptor). This interacts with a lone pair of e- on an N, O, or F atom in another molecule.

Question 30

What are ion dipole forces?

Answer 30

Solvent pulling the ions from an ionic substance from the crystal, solvating them

Question 31

What does an anion dipole look like?

Question 32

What does a cation dipole look like?

Question 33

Ammonia and hydrogen fluoride both have unusually high boiling points due to _____

Answer 33

hydrogen bonding, because it causes have strong Intermolecular forces (which correlate to high boiling points)

Question 34

Is hydrogen bonding inter or intra molecular?

Answer 34

Inter

Question 35

What is Hydrogen bonding?

Answer 35

Strong intermolecular forces that happen between molecules with a very strong permanent dipole moment.

Question 36

What are ion dipole forces, and how are they formed?

Answer 36

When an ionic substance dissolves in H2O, the solvent pulls ions and solvates (surrounds) them. Solvent has +/- charged ends, which are attracted to the ions.