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Anthropology (Chapter 9 -12) > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What is religion in anthropology?

A

beliefs, behaviors, and actions related to supernatural; beings and forces and their relationship to everyday life.

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2
Q

What is religion associated with?

A

Belief and behaviour.

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3
Q

What is animism?

A

A belief system in which supernatural is conceived of as an impersonal power.

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4
Q

What is animatism?

A

Belief that all things, including men and women are endowed (provide with an ability) with pervasive (unwelcome influence spreading widely throughout an area) spiritual power.

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5
Q

What are supernatural “forces”?

A

Elemental, impersonal, “just there”.

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6
Q

What are examples of supernatural “forces”?

A

Mana in Polynesia.

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7
Q

What is mana?

A

It’s a force outside nature that works automatically, neither a spirit nor a deity. A spiritual force that endows natural beings and phenomena with a special power both scared and dangerous.

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8
Q

What is the definition of totem?

A

An object that has a special significance and meaning for a group of believers.

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9
Q

Who created totem poles and what does it represent?

A

Monuments created by First Nations of the Pacific Northwest to represent and commemorate ancestry, histories, people, or events’.

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10
Q

What are the features of totem poles ?

A

Symbolic and stylized human, animal, and supernatural forms.

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11
Q

What can supernatural be?

A

Zoomorphic and Anthropomorphic.

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12
Q

What is zoomorphic?

A

Images of supernatural/ deities (god) are like animal or partially animal.

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13
Q

What is anthropomorphic?

A

Images of supernatural/ deities (god) are like human.

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14
Q

What are examples of people who believe in sacred spaces?

A

Sammi peaople of Norway, Pakistani immigrants Muslim women in England, and Australian Aboriginal groups.

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15
Q

What are the two ways of expressing beliefs?

A

Myth and doctrine.

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16
Q

What is doctrine?

A

Direct and formalized statements about religious beliefs, people’s roles, and relationships with supernatural power and other humans.

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17
Q

What is worldview?

A

An encompassing picture of reality created by members of a society.

18
Q

What is an example of worldview?

A

The peasant world-view

19
Q

What is magic?

A

The attempt to compel supernatural forces and beings to act in certain ways.

20
Q

What are the two principle’s of magic?

A

The law of similarity and the law of contagion.

21
Q

What is the law of similarity and an example?

A

It’s imitative magic, an example would be voodoo doll

22
Q

What is the law of contagion and examples of it?

A

It’s contagious magic, examples would be nails, hair, blood, and fecal matter.

23
Q

What is functionalism in terms of religion in Anthropology?

A

All religions originate in society, separating the world into the profane and the sacred?

24
Q

What is the profane?

A

The profane encompasses the secular aspects of life (objects, practices, behaviors).

25
Q

What is the sacred?

A

The sacred encompasses those things that we set apart, ritualize and form emotional connections to.

26
Q

What is structural functionalism in terms of religion in social organizations?

A

Men lead the ritual and women support the event.

27
Q

What did Tylor theorized?

A

Theorized that religions evolve from simple primitive to modern and complex over time.

28
Q

What did Freud say about religion?

A

Religion is a “projective system” that expresses people’s unconscious thoughts, wishes and worries.

29
Q

In the Aztec culture, what was the story about cannibalism and what does it symbolize?

A

Aztec gods “ate” human hearts and “drank” human blood. The victims were prisoners of war or slaves. Once victims were sacrificed, the body was prepared for cooking. It was a way of showing political strength and feeding the poor. They did this to satisfy the gods.

30
Q

What is the Geertz theory/What did Geertz say about religion?

A

Religion is cultural/symbolic systems, symbolic communication.

31
Q

What was Geertz view of religion?

A

Religions are primarily systems of meaning that provide for people for a model of life (how to understand the world) and model for life (how to behave in the world).

32
Q

What was Marx theory of religion?

A

Religion is like a drug. Religion provides superficial form of comfort or false consciousness to the poor, masking the harsh realities of class in equality.

33
Q

What are the feminist theories?

A

Women are not equally represented in major patriarchal religions and do not have equal rights to practice religious rituals.

34
Q

What is a ritual?

A

A ritual is a patterned form of behaviour that has to do with the supernatural realm.

35
Q

When do people put belief into action?

A

Periodic rituals (regularly preform rituals) and non-periodic rituals (response to unscheduled events).

36
Q

What is an example of a periodic ritual?

A

Buddha’s birthday

37
Q

What is an example(s) of a non-periodic ritual?

A

Flood, cyclone, death, lose of harvest

38
Q

What are the functions of religious rituals?

A

Purification, Sanctification (making something secret), Veneration (worshiping something), and Absolution (forgiveness).

39
Q

What are the five types of rituals?

A

Life-cycle rituals, pilgrimage, rituals of inversion, function, sacrifice.

40
Q

What is the definition of life-cycle rituals?

A

A ritual that serves to mark the movement and transformation of an individual from one social position to another (marks transitions from one role to a new role).

41
Q

What are the examples of life-cycle rituals?

A

Births, marriages, funeral rites, expected roles of men and women.

42
Q

What did Victor Turner studied?

A

Ndembu life-cycle rituals, where participants undergo rites of separation, transition (liminal phase), and reintegration

Anthropology (Chapter 9 -12) (5 decks)

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