Chapter 10 Flashcards
What is transcription
Process of turning DNA into RNA
What are the types of RNA
mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA
What is translation?
process of turning RNA into proteins
What did Miescher discover?
Nuclein (he didnt know it was DNA)
what did Miescher use to break down proteins?
Pepsin wash
What did Miescher use to break down lipid membranes?
Alcohol wash
What experiment did Griffith do and what did it establish
Used different strains (virulent and non-virulent) to establish the transforming principle
What experiment did Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty do and what did it establish?
Isolated DNA, Protein, RNA, Lipids, and Carbohydrates to determine which one was responsible for transformation.
Hershey and Chase experiment, what did it establish?
Used P32 (DNA) and S35 (protein) to see which one the bacteriophages would take up. proved that DNA was responsible for transformation.
Who proposed the triple helix?
Linus Pauling
responsible for photo 51?
Rosalind Franklin
technique used to take photo 51
X-ray Diffraction
pyrimidines
Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil (one ring)
Purines
Guanine and Adenine (two rings)
Difference between RNA and DNA structure
Ribose has an OH group on the second carbon, this makes it more reactive.
What did Chargaff discover?
He separated the four DNA bases to see the ratios between each base pair, discovered that A/T, G/C pair.
What type of bond connects the two strands of DNA?
hydrogen bonds
How many hydrogen bonds between A/T
2
Amnt of Hydrogen bonds between G/C
3
what charge does DNA carry
Negative
Why does DNA move through a gel?
Prositive charge brings negative DNA through gel (the smaller the band, the further they travel).
Components of Nucleotide
- Pentose (sugar)
- Nitrogenous Base
- Phosphate Group
How is carbon labeled in the DNA/ RNA molecule
they are labeled 1’ —> 4’ from right to left
How to identify cytosine
single ring, NH2 out the top
How to identify thymine
single ring, H3C coming out to the upper left
How to identify Uracil
single ring, surrounded by 4 hydrogens and 2 oxygens
How to identify guanine
Double ring, NH2 group coming out to the bottom right
How to identify Adenine
double ring, NH2 coming out of the top
Bonds that make up the backbone of DNA
Phosphodiester bonds
