chapter 10

Question 1

Stress

Answer 1

is the collective physical and emotional changes experienced in response to a stressor.

Question 2

Homeostasis

Answer 2

a stable state of physiological functioning

Question 3

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Answer 3

which provides unconscious control of critical internal body processes.

Question 4

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 4

• Generates the fight-or-flight response, an acute state of stress
• Releases adrenaline and cortisol

Question 5

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 5

Returns the body to homeostasis after the threat has passed

Question 6

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Answer 6

constant anxiety that interferes with your ability to function and relax.

Question 7

Self-monitoring

Answer 7

familiarize yourself with your patterns of
worry and adjust your thinking

Question 8

Cognitive therapy

Answer 8

reappraise worrying by making thought
patterns more positive.

Question 9

Worry exposure

Answer 9

being presented with ideas that create
worry in order to become used to the worry

Question 10

Type A personality

Answer 10

rushed, ambitious, impatient , time
conscious, goal driven, competitive, aggressive, quick to anger; having difficulty relaxing

Question 11

Type B personality

Answer 11

patient, easygoing, and adaptable to
changing circumstances

Question 12

Type C

Answer 12

introverted, respectful, eager to please, and compliant

Question 13

Type D

Answer 13

increased levels of anxiety, irritation, and
depressed mood, along with elevated levels of anxiety and
cortisol

Question 14

Personality traits fall within five broad domains:

Answer 14

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and
neuroticism

Question 15

transactional model of stress

Answer 15

outlines how we assess and approach a stressful situation.
* Primary appraisal;
* Secondary appraisal;
* Coping; and
* Reappraisal

Question 16

Attribution theory

Answer 16

focuses on how we assess success or
failure after a stressful event.

Question 17

Yerkes-Dodson law (inverted-U hypothesis)

Answer 17

• Some stress is good.
• Too much is not.
• Too much or too little stress, performance will suffer.

Question 18

Acute stress

Answer 18

is usually temporary but can cause problems
such as:
* Muscle tension;
* Headache; and
* Heartburn

Question 19

Chronic stress

Answer 19

can be more serious and long-lasting—
especially if adrenaline and cortisol levels remain elevated

Question 20

General adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Answer 20

Selye’s three-stage model of how chronic stress affects health.
* Alarm reaction: an acute reaction (fight or flight).
* Resistance: the body’s attempt to adapt to the demands of a persistent stressor.
* Exhaustion: state of impaired functioning if a persistent stressor exhausts the body’s resources for coping.

Question 21

Cognitive Strategies

Answer 21

One way to restructure more positive self-talk is the ABCDE model:
* A—Identify your Adversity (“I lost my job”).
* B—Identify your instinctive Belief about the adversity (“I can’t pay my bills”).
* C—Identify the Consequences of the belief (“I’ll have to quit college”).
* D—Begin to Dispute the belief (“I can certainly find another job”).
* E—Become re-Energized (“I can stay in school”).

Question 22

assertive communication

Answer 22

• Clearly express needs and wants in a respectful and sensitive way.
• Use “I” statements.
• Say no when necessary.
• Use appropriate body language.
• Keep emotions in check

Question 23

Understand other patterns of communication:

Answer 23

• Passive communication; and
• Aggressive communication.

Question 24

Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR)

Answer 24

Tense your muscles and then actively reduce tension while your concentration is on the body, not on stressors

Question 25

Visualization

Answer 25

is a technique using all the senses to imagine a place or scene that is comfortable, soothing, and relaxing.