Chapter 10-13 Flashcards
___ serve more heterogeneous constituencies
senators
___ serve interests organized on a statewide or national basis. They are more insulated from the pressures of individual, narrow, and immediate interests.
senators
6-year terms, must be at least 30, 100 members, 2 per state, originally elected by state legislatures, now elected by ppl of the state
Structure of the Senate
The ___ must confirm executive
appointments, ambassadors, and
federal judges and approve treaties
senate
blockaded southern ports, suspended habeas corpus, emancipation proclamation- no congressional approval.
* Rationale: emergency conditions.
* It was now clear. Emergencies could equip the president with more exec power.
Lincoln’s use of executive power
whereby the president has all executive power within the government except as explicitly limited by the Constitution
“Unitary executive” theory
broad discretionary powers: extend beyond what’s defined in the Constitution.
Pres. Emergency powers
Congress often delegates powers to the executive branch
delegated powers
___ powers are not directly stated in the U.S. Constitution but are inferred from it—stemming from the “rights, duties and obligations of the presidency.
inherent powers
Powers and duties of the president
expressed powers
Make treaties
Grant pardons
Nominate judges and other public officials
Receive ambassadors
Command the military
expressed powers
Congress can override ___
presidential vetoes
coordinates the party’s legislative strategy, builds support for the leadership’s agenda, and counts votes
whip
A primary way a president expands their power (popular appeals to the public)
“going public”
The process of redrawing election districts and redistributing legislative representatives every 10 years to reflect shifts in population or response to legal challenges to existing districts
Redistricting
A process occurring after every decennial census, that allocates congressional seats among the 50 states
Apportionment
If new districts are drawn in such a way as to advantage one group or party, it is known as
gerrymandering
Party leadership is determined by the members of Congress
through a party election. Called a conference by House Republicans and a ___ by House Democrats
caucus
contracts between two nations similar to a treaty; does not require Senate approval
executive agreements
advice and consent of the Senate
treaties
the holding of an office or the period during which one is held.
imcumbency
the use of government funds for projects designed to please voters or legislators and win votes.
pork barrel
write the final wording in cases where both chambers pass similar bills that need to be reconciled
Conference committees
temporary legislative committees set up to highlight or investigate a particular issue
select committees
a permanent committee within an organization, cover a particular subject matter
standing committees
