Chapter 10

Question 1

Charles Darwin

Answer 1

British scientist who became convinced that the species of organic life had evolved under the uniform pressure of natural laws, not by means of a special, one-time creation as described in the Bible.

Question 2

imperialism

Answer 2

when a powerful country takes control of other countries or territories and uses them for their own benefit.

Question 3

limited-liability joint- stock company

Answer 3

Company that mobilized capital from a large number of investors, called shareholders, who were not to be held personally liable for financial losses incurred by the company.

Question 4

Manifest Destiny

Answer 4

Belief that it was God’s will for the American people to expand their territory and political processes across the North American continent.

Question 5

Meiji Restoration

Answer 5

Reign of the Meiji Emperor, which was characterized by a new nationalist identity, economic advances, and political transformation.

Question 6

natural selection

Answer 6

Charles Darwin’s theory that populations grew faster than the food supply, creating a “struggle for existence” among species.

Question 7

Raj

Answer 7

British sovereignty (supreme power) in India.

Question 8

Self- Strenthening movement

Answer 8

A movement of reformist Chinese bureaucrats that attempted to adopt western elements of learning and technological skill.

Question 9

steel

Answer 9

a metal more malleable and stronger than iron that became essential for industries like shipbuilding and railways.