Chapter #10 Flashcards
Direct (easy) vs. Indirect (abstract) measurement: Direct
concrete things, such as oxygen saturation, temperature, blood pressure, weight, demographic variables
Direct (easy) vs. Indirect (abstract) measurement: Indirect
indicator of concepts abstract concepts such as pain, depression, coping, self-care, and self-esteem, anxiety level, feelings
Reliability (Consistent results, time frame, evaluator) vs. Validity (accuracy): Reliability
If expressed as a correlation coefficient (r):
1.00 is perfect reliability, whereas 0.00 is no reliability
What is the lowest acceptable coefficient for a well-developed measurement tool?
0.80
Types of reliability: Stability
Concerned with the consistency of repeated measures or test-retest reliability.
Types of reliability: Equivalence
Focused on comparing two versions of the same instrument (alternate forms reliability) or two observers (interrater reliability) measuring the same event.
Types of reliability: Homogeneity
Addresses the correlation of various items within the instrument or internal consistency; determined by split-half reliability or Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.
Scale (e.g., Likert Scale: used for peoples opinion): Likert scale (most common)
Designed to determine the opinions or attitudes of study subjects. This scale contains a number of declarative statements, with a scale after each statement.
Levels of Measurement: Nominal
named variables
Levels of Measurement: Ordinal
named + ordered variables
Levels of Measurement: Interval
named + ordered + proportionate interval between variables
Levels of Measurement: Ratio- continuous measure (age, income)
named + ordered + proportionate interval between variables + can accommodate absolute zero.
The purpose of measurement is to?
obtain trustworthy data that can be used to address the quantitative study purpose and objectives, questions, or hypotheses.
The rules of measurement ensure that?
The assignment of values or categories is performed consistently from one study participant to another, and eventually, if the measurement strategy is found to be meaningful, from one study to another.
The levels of measurement from low to high are?
nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.
Reliability in measurement is concerned with?
The consistency of the measurement technique, reliability testing focuses on stability, equivalence, and internal consistency.
The validity of an instrument is a?
determination of the extent to which the instrument reflects the abstract concept being examined. The types of validity described includes content, construct, and criterion.
Readability level focuses on?
The study participants’ ability to read and comprehend the content of an instrument, which adds to the reliability and validity of the instrument.
Physiological measures are examined for?
precision, accuracy, and error in research report.
Diagnostic and screening tests are examined for?
for sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and likelihood ratios.
Common measurement approaches used in nursing research include?
physiological measures, observation, interviews, questionnaires, and scales.
Rating, Likert, and visual analog scales are described for use?
in research and practice.
If an existing database is used in conducting studies, the quality of the database should be?
addressed in the research report.
The data collection tasks that should be critically appraised in a study include?
the recruitment of study participants, consistency of the data collection, and maintenance of controls in the study design.
Levels of measurement:
- Nominal
- Ordinal
- Interval
- Ratio
Physiological measures are used to?
examine precision, accuracy, and error.
Diagnostic and screening tests are used to examine?
sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and likelihood ratios.
The data collection tasks that should be critically appraised in a study:
- the recruitment of study participants
- consistency of the data collection
- maintenance of controls in the study design
