Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Rating Agency

Who pays rating agencies to provide an opinion of their financial strength

A

The board/ Themselves. Usually larger insurance companies. Effectively a marketing tool not a compliance requirement.

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2
Q

Rating Agency

Why would you appoint a rating agency to give their opinion on their financial strength

A

Keep the measure of their ability to pay claims and offers an opinion on their financial strength

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3
Q

Rating Agency

Why would insurance company prefer to have a Financial strength rating

A

It demonstrates they can meet their financial commitments
It looks good in comparison to different insurers
It’s good that you can charge a higher premium
Brokers are more likely to use you if high

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4
Q

Rating Agency

What nine things will a rating agency look at

A
1. Economic and industry risk
2 competitive position
3. Management and corporate strategy
4. Enterprise risk management
5. Operating performance
6. Investments
7. Capital adequacy
8. Liquidity
9. Financial flexibility
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5
Q

When A rating agency looks at the economic and industry risk what does that mean

A

It looks at the sector in which the company operates in/ threats if new entrants etc

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6
Q

When a rating agency looked at the competitive position what does that mean

A

Looks at the insurance company strategy in comparison to competition

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7
Q

When a rating agency looks at the management and corporate strategy what does that mean

A

Look at the quality and credibility of the insurance senior management team and strategy it is set

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8
Q

When a rating agency looks at the enterprise risk management what does that mean

A

It is a method by which a company manages risk. Most large insurers expected have an effective ERM to earn a stronger financial ratings

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9
Q

When A rating agency looks at the operating performance what does that mean

A

This involves looking at the performance ratios- Can be loss ratio, expense ratio, combined ratio, return on equity etc

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10
Q

When a rating agency looks investments what does that mean

A

Looks at how an insurance investment strategy fits with its liability profile

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11
Q

When a rating agency looked at capital adequacy what does that mean

A

Look at the quality and level of capital required to run a business based on a risk appetite

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12
Q

Went to write an agency looked at liquidity what does that mean

A

The ability to manage cash flows efficiently and easily borrow money required

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13
Q

When a rating agency looks at financial flexibility what does that mean

A

This looks the insurers potential need for additional capital liquidity in the future

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14
Q

Rating Agency

What is the superior rating for standard and Poor

A

AAA

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15
Q

Rating Agency

Is C And D a good rating for standard and Poor

A

No

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16
Q

Rating Agency

What is a typical rating process

A

The insurer hires the agency-
2 people to spend time with the insurer going through finances, training plans, strategy etc so can understand the business.
Will then send to rating committee to rate


17
Q

Rating Agency

What does it mean when an AAA rating indicates that a company is overcapitalised

A

It can mean from an investor perspective that they return on equity is likely to be depressed

18
Q

Rating Agency

Do the PRA or FCA request you to have a financial rating

A

No. Its essentially for marketing by insurers

19
Q

Rating Agency

Is BBB a good rating

A

A good, solid rating

20
Q

Rating Agency

in insurance the global brokers tend to use what ratings

A

Usually A +

21
Q

What would a risk appetite statement typically include

A

Risks that are acceptable and unacceptable
Probability of failure
The maximum loss that is acceptable from anyone incident
The target level of financial security
The quality and diversity of investments

22
Q

The PRA requires that the probability of favour should not be what

A

Higher than one chance in 200 over a month timescale

23
Q

The risk appetite statement would be used by the insurance company to set what

A

The risk acceptance criteria
An investment policy
A reinsurance policy
Other financial and risk policy statements

24
Q

Solvency Margin

what are solvency margins

A

What do you have to put aside to survive if bad things happen. Trying to prevent insurers going bust.

25
Q

Solvency Margin

What are the objectives of solvency II

A

Two enhance policyholder protection create a safer more resilient insurance sector

26
Q

Why was solvency II introduced

A

To replace the previous solvency one requirements - Solvency I was quite low. Solvency II stricter. 

27
Q

What are the four level processes for solvency II

A

Level one: framework principles
Level two: implementing measures
Level three: guidance
Level four: enforcement

28
Q

What is a solvency to level one framework principal

A

Are European legislative instrumental that sets out the essential framework

29
Q

What is the solvency to level two implementing measures

A

These are the more detailed implementing measures which spell out the requirements that insurers must meet. Only for EU member states

30
Q

What is the solvency to level three guidance

A

EIOPA Works on joint interpretation recommendations, consistent guidelines and common standards

31
Q

What is the solvency to level four enforcement

A

More because enforcement action by the commission is underpinned By enhanced cooperation between member states, regulators and a private sector

32
Q

Solvency Margin

What are the three pillars of solvency to- will be in exam

A

Pillar one: financial requirements
Pillar to: governance and supervision
Pillar three: reporting and disclosure

33
Q

Solvency Margin

What is pillar 1 of a solvency II requirements- will be in exam

A

FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS
The used test!!
The solvency capital requirement. The new higher solvency requirement. One in 200 years or 99.5%- the used test- How can you survive loads of floods or a recession? if you use your own model it has to be signed off.

The requirement to have new solvency margins.
Applies to all firms and considers key quantitative requirements and the solvency capital requirement and mimimum Capital requirement for either an approved full or partial European standard formula approach

34
Q

Solvency Margin

What is pillar 2 of the solvency II- will be in exam

A

ORSA!!
These are risk flow charts - ORSA- must flow chart every risk you do. What the risks involved and how do you control them? ORSA is the key. Shows regulator you are under control with what goes on in your business.

35
Q

Solvency Margin

What is pillar three under the solvency II requirements- will be in exam

A

REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE
Solvency and financial condition report!!
Transparent relationship with your regulator.
Insurers are required to publish details of the risks facing them, capital adequacy and risk management. Transparency will help impose greater discipline on industry-

36
Q

Rating Agency

Can you challenge the rating decision from S&P

A

Have one right of challenge and provide evidence to argue. Then its implemented.

37
Q

What is solvency I

A

The lowest, minimum capital requirement