chapter 10,11,5,13 Flashcards
Define conditional release and discuss why our corrections system engages in this practice
conditional release is the practice of releasing offenders before the end of their sentences. though there is strict sentences that need to be followed.
we do this because of the hash conditions in prison didnt do much to help them become functioning citizens, but rather made them harshen criminals. helps them prove themselves and force to be on their best behaviour. also helps reduce the overcrowding in the correction system.
Identify the criteria outlined in the CCRA regarding parole decisions
the offender will get granted parole if in the boards opinion if…
if the offender reoffends they will not post risk to society while serving the sentence in the community
the offender will be safe to themselves and others in society and reintegrate in society to come a law biding citizen.
Describe the training and tools parole board members rely on to make parole decisions
the parole board makes these decisions based on these principles…
cultural dependance training, implicit bias training, indigenous culture awareness, risk framework assessment, and detailed policy manuals.
Identify the three points at which an offender may be released from custody
- when the sentence begins
- 1/3 sentence served
- 2/3 sentence served
- warrant expiry
Describe the timeframe of parole eligibility for various types of offenders and sentences
in most cases apply for parole 1/3 served sentence, 25 years after first degree murder and 15-20 for second degree. for dangers inmates (indeterminate) 7 years. and if denied have to wait another 2 years to apply.
Distinguish between the practices of parole and statutory release
statutory release is automatic release after 2/3 of sentence is served. they supervised in the community and must follow under strict rules. the parole board can detain this offender if they dangerous or post risk.
Describe the various circumstances in which an offender may be released prior to parole eligibility
the prisoner has a terminal illness, mental or physical well being isn’t great, confinement would make them worse, surrender cases
Explain how the COVID-19 pandemic provided a research opportunity and discuss the known outcomes to date
because of covid-19 many offenders had to serve intermittent sentences. this created an unplanned research experiment to see if crime rates/reoffending rates would increase or stay stable.
Describe the two main documents entailed in an inmate’s parole file
community strategy guide, which basically looks at what their life will be like out of prison. employment, housing, etc. release of offender will depend on these conditions.
assessment for decision, is where the instutional parole officer gives information to the board about their behaviour, crim history, progress etc.
Describe the characteristics and process of a typical parole hearing, including possible outcomes
in person hearing involve 2 board members, an institutional officer reporting on inmate and whenever or not they support the release. inmate can have an advocate which is usually a family member.
the release of the inmate depends on criminal history, release plan, and behaviour in the prison. potential outcomes- denied parole, grant parole, or derferd on further decision making.
Provide examples of standard conditions and special conditions that may be part of a parole certificate
the parole certificate is given once parole is granted, it has conditions the offender must follow…..
standard conditions- reporting to PO, keeping ID, obeying the law
special conditions- going to program, letting PO know about any romantic relationships, no substance use, maintain employment.
Describe the appeals process of a parole decision
inmates can appeal if they think that proper things weren’t followed, this is a two month time limit. results- uphold og decision, case review, new hearing or overturn decision.
Discuss a range of issues in parole board decision-making
lacks board diversity. not many of them are indigenous so they tend to lack to understand the culture background factors, cultural loss, and traumas that lead to offending which is why there is too many of indigenous in the system.
public and political issues tend to also make this board make poorer choices. discretion as well how to weigh the information/crimes that they under their record. also lack of info tends to lead to the wrong choice.
Describe the effectiveness of various forms of conditional release
it is found that inmates that were released on conditionally do really well in the community. about 90% of them don’t recommit.
Describe the process and goals of reintegration
reintegration is the process where an inmate is prepared to be released into the community after serving time in prison. it includes the inmates correctional plan, programming, and release plan, where they are going to live, employment, etc.
the goal of this avoid recidivism in both short and long term.
Describe the concept of throughcare and its challenges
thorough care- the continuity of programming they are getting in correctional to the kind that they are getting in the community. this can be challenging for people in remote areas because they lack resources.
Describe the risk-needs-responsivity model of reintegration
this involves tailoring programs and resources for individual needs, rather then assuming everyone needs the same thing.
Identify common needs that are associated with reintegration and challenges in meeting these needs
some of the common needs involve housing, employment, transportation. they are struggling because not enough beds in community housing and not alot of places will hire ex criminals
Discuss various challenges to reintegration (i.e., pains of re-entry, mortality, state-raised offenders,
challenges unique to women offenders, etc.).
re-entry- difficulty adjusting to life outside, will tend to go back to high risk behaviours to cope.
mortality- within a couple weeks after release and high rate of substance use due inaquete THOROUGHCARE and heath services.
state-raised offenders- very little time being on the outside, no family or friend ties. no gurantee of status security or routine.
Describe the characteristics of community-based residential facilities and the significance of staff offender relations
an community-based residential facilities are places operated by CSC and NGOS to house reoffenders after they are released from prison. the staff enforce rules and regulate behaviours and can report if nesscary.
there are sometimes PO on site and offer community services and voulteering.
Describe the (dual) role of parole officers and the range of offender supervision
POS supervise all federal parolees under places without a parole board. Ontario, Alberta, and Quebec
Describe the ways in which conditional release may end
successful completion, breach, termination, or change in conditions
Describe the process of suspension of conditional release
this happens when an offender breaks a violation or if PO think its right to do so. at this point a warrent is out for their arrest. the PO refers this case to the parole board.
Discuss the effectiveness of conditional release and the factors associated with success/failure
things that are contributing factors to success are stable housing, family and friend support, self control, and stable employment
contributing factors to failure are the crimlogical impact, due to harsh prison conditions and other health issues. also PO supports and conditions.
