Chapter 10 & 11 Flashcards
What are the 5 steps to use compressed air energy storage.
- Energy is generated in times of low demands which can be stored for future use.
- This is achieved by using an electrical compressor to compress air.
3.This compressed air is transported and stored in large qauntitys in underground caverns - The compressed air can then be used in times of high demands
5.The compressed air is transported from an underground cavern to a gas turbine. Here natural gas is added and the gas expands. It is now used to turn a gas turbine that is connected to a generator to produce electricity.
What are the 4 stages to using pumped hydro
- When electricity is generated at low demand times this electricity is used to power pumps
2.The pumps transfer water from the lower resevoir to the higher resvoir this gives the water more gravitational potential energy
3.When demand increases the water is released allowing the water to travel from the higher resevoir to the lower reservoir.
4.This moving water then turns a turbine that powers a generator
What are the two energy storage techniques
- Pumped hydro
2.Compressed air energy stroage
What are the 5 key requirements for compressed air energy storage location
- The availability of an existing cavern underground as contructing one would be soo expensive the project would be unfeasible
- The proximity of the cavern to a high voltage power transmission network ,as the further away the more it will cost for cables
- Availability of natural gas supply
- The cavern needs to be easily located for construction and maintanence
- There should be no environmental concern as planning permission is needed
What are the 5 key requirements for pumped hydro location
- The availability of lakes and resevoirs as contruction of one is very expensive
- Suitable hieght between the lower and upper resevoir
3.
What are the 9 materials crude oil is needed to make that humans rely on everyday
- petrol - used in petrol engines
- diesel - used to power diesel engines
- solvents - used in cleaning products
4- kerosene - can be used in heating and lighting
5- heating oil - used in houses
6- liquefied petroleum gas - connecting a houses gas supply for cooking
7- lubricants - used to remove frictions from moving parts like in cars
8- Asphalt - used in tarmac roads
9- Plastics - bags, toys, food and drink packaging
What is the main issue with plastics environmentally
In 2015 60% of lastics where still getting discarded and not recycled this causes plastics to end up in oceans and natural environments which leads to them having to be burned in landfill which releases harmful gases
What is the trend of production of plastics each year
The production of plastic keeps increasing every single year
list the 3 main users of crude oil in order
- Transport
- Energy
- Production of plastics
What is the name of the process that turns crude oil into its byproducts
Fractional distillation
Explain the process of fractional distillation
Crude oil enters the tower at the bottom and heat is applied so that all lengths of hydrocarbons are evaporated. This gas then enters the tower, the longer hydrocarbons are condensed near the bottom with the shorter ones condensing when they reach their boiling point.
Identify 2 pollution problems associated with the use of plastics derived from fossil fuels
- They cannot be broken down by microorganisms
- The incineration of plastic produces toxic materials
Name the toxic materials the incineration of plastic produces
1.Carbon monoxide
2. Hydrogen cyanide
3.Hydrochloric acid
State a major issue with plastic disposal
As plastic cannot be broken down by microorganisms they last for a very long time this then creates a large patch of rubbish in places like the ocean.
What are the two methods of degrading plastics
- Biodegrading
- photodegrading