Chapter 1 Vocab and People Flashcards
(1) New World Beginnings 33,000 B.C.E.-1769 C.E.
Canadian Shield
a zone undergirded by ancient rock, probably the first part of what became the North American Landmass to have emerged above sea level.
Aztecs
Group of People in Mexico
Incas
Group of People in Peru
Cahokia
In Mississippi home to over 25,000 Native Americans
Three Sister Farming
Agricultural system employed by Native Americans in which beans, squash, and maize were grown to together to maximize yield.
Middlemen
In trading systems, those dealers who operate between the original producers of the good and the retail merchants who would sell to consumers. After the eleventh century, European exploration was driven in large part by a desire to acquire alluring Asian goods without paying heavy tolls to Muslim middlemen.
Caravel
a ship that could sail more closely into the wind
Plantation
large scale agricultural enterprise growing commercial crops and usually employing coerced or slave labor. European settlers established plantations in Africa, south America, Caribbean, and the American South
Columbian Exchange
the transfer of good, ideas, and diseases between new and old world after 1492.
Treaty of Tordesillas
Spain and Portugal were the first to claim land in the Americas leading to disputes. Both of their catholic monarchs looked to the pope to solve the dispute. In 1493 the pope drew a North-South line on the map, called the line of demarcation. He granted all land West of the that line to Spain, and all land to the east of it to Portugal. Spain and Portugal moved the line a few degrees to the West and signed the Treaty of Tordesillas. This established Portugal’s claim to Brazil with Spain claiming the rest of the Americas.
Conquistadors
Conquerors/Explorers
Capitalism
economic system characterized by private property, generally free trade, open market. European colonization of the Americas and discovery of vast bullion deposits, helped bring about Europe’s transition to Capitalism
Encomienda
The king of Spain gave grants of land and natives to Spaniards. The Natives had to work the land or in the mines and the result of their work went to their master who in turn would care for them. As European diseases killed more and more natives, they started to bring over West Africans and enslave them under the asiento system which required them to pay a tax to the king for each slave they imported.
Noche Triste
June 30th 1520, The Aztecs attacked Cortes and in response he laid siege to the city.
Mestizos
People of mixed European and Native heritage. Became prevalent due to Spaniard rule in Mexico.
