Chapter 1 vocab Flashcards
1
Q
Anatomy
A
Describes the structures of the body
- What they are made of
- Where they are located
- Associated structures
2
Q
Physiology
A
Is the study of:
- Functions of anatomical structures
- Individual and cooperative functions
3
Q
Gross anatomy
A
macroscopic anatomy, examines large, visible structures
4
Q
Developmental anatomy
A
from conception to adulthood, including embryology
5
Q
Microscopic anatomy
A
examines cells and molecules
6
Q
Cytology
A
Study of Cells
7
Q
Histology
A
Study of tissues
8
Q
Systemic physiology
A
Functions of organ systems
9
Q
Pathological physiology
A
Effects of diseases on organs or systems
10
Q
Patients may be present with
A
- Signs (fever)
- Symptoms (tiredness)
11
Q
Scientific Method
A
- Form hypothesis
- Test hypothesis by collecting and analyzing data
12
Q
Atoms
A
Smallest stable units of matter
13
Q
Molecules
A
Consist of groups of atoms
14
Q
Cells
A
Smallest living units in body
15
Q
Tissue
A
Group of cells working together
16
Q
Organ
A
Two or more tissues working together
17
Q
Organ system
A
Group of interacting organs
18
Q
Humans have __ organ systems
A
11 Organ systems
19
Q
Organism
A
An individual life form
20
Q
Integumentary system major organs
A
Skin, hair, sweat glands, nails
21
Q
Integumentary system functions
A
- protects against environmental hazards
- regulate body temp
- provides sensory info
22
Q
Skeletal system Functions
A
- support and protection for other tissues
- stores calcium and other minerals
- Forms blood cells
23
Q
Muscular system functions
A
- provides movement
- provides protection and support for other tissues
- generates heat that maintains body temp.
24
Q
Nervous system major organs
A
- Brain
- Spinal cord
- peripheral nerves
- sense organs
25
Nervous system functions
- Directs immediate responses to stimuli
- coordinates or moderates activities of other organ systems
- provides and interprets sensory info abt ext. cond.
26
Endocrine system major organs
- Pituitary gland
- thyroid gland
- pancreas
- adrenal gland
- gonads
- endocrine tissues in other systems
27
Endocrine system functions
- Directs long-term changes in activities of other organs
- adjusts metabolic activity and energy use by body
- Controls many structural and functional changes during development
28
Cardiovascular system major organs
- Heart
- blood
- blood vessels
29
Cardiovascular system major organs
- Distributes blood cells, water, and dissolved materials including nutrients, waste products, oxygen, and carbon dioxide
- distribute heat and assists in control of body temp
30
Lymphatic system Major organs
- spleen
- thymus
- lymphatic vessels
- lymph nodes
- tonsils
31
Lymphatic system functions
- Defends against infection and disease
| - Returns tissue fluids to the bloodstream
32
Respiratory system major organs
- nasal cavities
- sinuses
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchi
- lungs
- alveoli
33
Respiratory system major functions
- delivers air to alveoli
- provides oxygen to bloodstream
- removes carbon dioxide from bloodstream
- produces sounds for communication
34
Digestive system major organs
- teeth
- tongue
- pharynx
- esophagus
- stomach
- small intestines
- large intestines
- liver
- gallbladder
- pancreas
35
Digestive system major functions
- Processes and digests food
- absorbs and conserves water
- stores energy reserves
36
Urinary system major organs
- kidneys
- ureters
- urinary bladder
- urethra
37
Urinary system functions
- Excretes waste and products from the blood
- Controls water balance by regulating volume of urine produced
- stores urine prior to voluntary elimination
- regulates blood ion conc and pH
38
Male reproduction system major organs
- testes
- epididymides
- ductus deferentia
- seminal vesicles
- prostate gland
- penis
- scrotum
39
Male reproductive functions
-produces sperm, seminal fluids, hormones
40
Female reproductive major organs
- ovaries
- uterine tubes
- uterus
- vagina
- labia
- clitoris
- mammary glands
41
female reproductive system function
- produces female sex cells (oocytes) and hormones
- supports developing embryo from conception to delivery
- provides milk
42
Eponyms
commemorative terms (replaced by precise terms)
43
Homeostasis
-All body systems work together to maintain a stable internal environment
44
two types of Homeostatic regulation
Autoregulation and extrinsic regulation
45
Autoregulation
Automatic response in cell, tissue, or organ to an environmental change
46
Extrinsic regulation
Responses controlled by nervous and endocrine systems
47
Homeostatic regulatory mechanism
1) Receptor
2) Control center
3) Effector
48
Receptor
Receives stimulus
49
Control center
Processes the signal and sends instructions
50
Effector
Carries out instructions
51
Set point
Desired value that the internal conditions keep to
52
Negative feedback
Response of effector negates the stimulus.
| Body is brought back into homeostasis
53
Positive feedback
Internal stimulus produces a response that amplifies the original change in conditions.
Body is moved away from homeostasis.
54
Positive feedback loop
Completes a dangerous process quickly to reestablish homeostasis
55
State of equilibrium
Opposing forces are in balance
56
Dynamic equilibrium
Continual adaptation
57
Disease
Failure in the physiological system to maintain balance
