Chapter 1 Vocab

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

Study of the structure and shape of the body and body parts and their relationships to one another.

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

Study of how the body and its parts work or function.

Question 3

Organelle

Answer 3

Specialized structures in a cell that perform specific metabolic functions.

Question 4

Cell

Answer 4

The basic biological unit of living organisms, containing a nucleus and a variety of organelles enclosed by a limiting membrane.

Question 5

Tissue

Answer 5

Groups of similar cells that have a common function.

Question 6

Organ

Answer 6

Structure that is composed of two or more tissue types and performs a specific function for the body.

Question 7

Organ System

Answer 7

Group of organs that cooperate to accomplish a common purpose.

Question 8

Organism

Answer 8

Collection of all organ systems working as one.

Question 9

Metabolism

Answer 9

All chemical reactions that occur within body cells. The breaking down of complex substances and turning them into ATP.

Question 10

Homeostasis

Answer 10

Body’s ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world is continuously changing.

Question 11

Negative-Feedback Mechanisms

Answer 11

Homeostatic mechanisms that regulate body functions.

Question 12

Receptor

Answer 12

Some type of sensor that monitors and responds to changes in the environment.

Question 13

Control Center

Answer 13

Determines what levels things must be at to be maintained.

Question 14

Effector

Answer 14

Response to the stimulus.

Question 15

Positive-Feedback Mechanisms

Answer 15

Control infrequent events that occur explosively and do not require continuous adjustments.

Question 16

Anatomical Position

Answer 16

Standard position the body is always in for reference.

Question 17

Superior

Answer 17

Toward the head end or upper part of structure or the body.

Question 18

Inferior

Answer 18

Away from the head end or lower part of structure or the body.

Question 19

Anterior

Answer 19

Toward or at the front of the body. “in front of”

Question 20

Posterior

Answer 20

Toward or at the backside of the body.

Question 21

Sagittal Plane

Answer 21

Plane that goes through the body length-wise.

Question 22

Transverse Plane

Answer 22

Plane that goes through midsection of body.

Question 23

Frontal Plane

Answer 23

Plane that goes through parallel to the side of your body.

Question 24

Oblique Plane

Answer 24

Divides the body at an angle between the vertical and horizontal planes.

Question 25

Thoracic Cavity

Answer 25

Cavity that houses the heart, lungs and other organs and is separated from the abdominal cavity by the diaphragm.

Question 26

Abdominal Cavity

Answer 26

Cavity containing the stomach, liver, intestines, and other organs.

Question 27

Pelvic Cavity

Answer 27

Cavity containing reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum.

Question 28

Serous Membranes

Answer 28

Membrane that lines a cavity without an opening to the outside of the body.

Question 29

Pericardial Cavity

Answer 29

Potential space formed between the two layers of serous pericardium around the heart.

Question 30

Pleural Cavity

Answer 30

Serous membrane formed around the lungs.

Question 31

Peritoneal Cavity

Answer 31

Serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and the abdominal organs.

Question 32

Mesentery

Answer 32

The double-layered membrane of the peritoneum that supports most organs in the abdominal cavity.