Chapter 1 Vocab

Question 1

Asthenosphere

Answer 1

A weak and perhaps partly molten weak layer of Earth’s mantle below the lithosphere.

Question 1

Conduction

Answer 1

Process of transferring heat by contact between two surfaces of different temperatures; head transfers without motion of water

Question 2

Convection

Answer 2

Process of simultaneously transferring heat and matter by movement of fluid or plastically deforming rock because of density contrast; denser and typically colder material sinks while less dense and typically warmer material rises.

Question 3

Convergent Plate Boundary

Answer 3

Curving zone where plates collide nearly head on into one another, compressing the lithosphere and causing subduction of one plate beneath the other.

Question 4

Core

Answer 4

The central region of Earth composed primarily of iron metal and consisting of a molten liquid outer part and a solid inner part.

Question 5

Crust

Answer 5

Outermost concentric layer of Earth composed of mostly silicate minerals and containing more silicon and aluminum than the underlying mantle.

Question 6

Divergent Plate Boundary

Answer 6

Linear or curving zones where plates move apart from one another and new lithosphere forms.

Question 7

Energy

Answer 7

A measure of the ability to do work.

Question 8

Geology

Answer 8

The science of the origin, composition, structure and history of the Earth

Question 9

Hot Spots

Answer 9

An area of intense volcanic activity not explained by plate boundary process. Hot Spots form where asthenosphere rises beneath lithospheric plates.

Question 10

Hypothesis

Answer 10

Testable prediction about a natural process that can be checked using data.

Question 11

Laws

Answer 11

Scientific description of how nature is observed to behave.

Question 12

Lithosphere

Answer 12

Outer strong shell of earths consisting crust and uppermost mantle.

Question 13

Mantle

Answer 13

The mostly solid but generically weak silicate zone of Earth below the crust and above the core.

Question 14

Plates

Answer 14

One of several discrete, ridged to semi- ridged, roughly 100km thick slabs that make up earths lithosphere.

Question 15

Plate Tectonics

Answer 15

Theory that Earths out shell is not seamlessly continuous but is broken into discrete pieces that move slowly relative to one another and change in size over geologic time.

Question 16

Potential Energy

Answer 16

Energy that an object possesses because of its elevation. The potential energy that causes objects to move is greater for objects at high elevation that for objects at low elevation. Objects move from areas where the possess high potential energy to areas where they possess low potential energy.

Question 17

Principal of Uniformitarianism

Answer 17

Geologic processes and natural laws now operation on and within Earth have acted throughout geologic time; the logic and method by which geologists reconstruct past events.

Question 18

Principles

Answer 18

A guiding concept that consistently works to describe the natural world.

Question 19

Radiation

Answer 19

The process of energy transport int the form of waves or particles, such as light.

Question 20

Scientific Method

Answer 20

Process used to systematically and objectively examine and explain a problem of observed phenomenon.

Question 21

Subduction

Answer 21

The process by which a lithospheric plate descends beneath a neighboring plate.

Question 22

Tectonics

Answer 22

The field of study that encompasses deformation at a regional to global scale

Question 23

Theory

Answer 23

Established throughly tested generally accepted example nation for an observed natural phenomenon that is supported by a substantial body of data.

Question 24

Transform Plate Boundaries

Answer 24

Zones where lithospheric plates slide past one another neither creation or destruction of the lithosphere.

Question 25

Major Fields

Answer 25

Historical Geology
Physical Geology

Question 26

Physical Geology

Answer 26

Study of Earths Surface
Study of the process that form the surface features

Question 27

Historical Geology

Answer 27

Applies the understanding of physical, chemical and biological process to interpret the history of earth.

Question 28

Geologic Disciplines

Answer 28

Geochemists
Geophysicists
Paleontologist
Planetary Geologist
Geomorphologist
Mineralogist
Petrologist
Stratigrapher
Structural geologist
Hydrogeologist
Resource geologist Environmental geologist

Question 29

Layers of the Earth

Answer 29

Curst - Continental and oceanic
Mantle - Thickest Layer
Core - Outer - liquid Inner - Solid

Question 30

Subordinate Layers

Answer 30

1 lithosphere solid outer skin of rock, part of the crust snd uppermost mantle
2 Athensosphere less rigid molten zone, upper mantle

Question 31

Slow Geologic Processes

Answer 31

Ground water flow, glacier flow, sediment accumulation in deep sea, eroding of river valleys, rise of mountains, motion oof lithospheric plates.

Question 32

Fast Geologic Processes

Answer 32

Stream flow, earthquakes, and landslides

Question 33

Why study geology

Answer 33

Curiosity, to find resources, reduce hazards, volcanic eruptions

Question 34

Energy in Geologic Processes

Answer 34

Energy of river erosion, earthquakes, drives plate tectonics, geysers, hurricanes, rocky landscapes

Question 35

Resourses

Answer 35

Water, soil, metals, non metals, energy, renewable resources, non renewable

Question 36

Population Concerns

Answer 36

Demand for resources is rising, rate of usage is rising, the U.S. uses 30% of resources.

Question 37

Environmental Problems

Answer 37

air pollution, acid rain, ozone depletion, disposal of toxic waste. global warming, loss of fertile soil. ground water contamination

Question 38

Geologic Hazards

Answer 38

earthquakes, hurricanes, drought, landslides, floods

Question 39

Theory of Plate Tectonics

Answer 39

The motion of separate plates of the lithosphere, the crust of earth is broken into separate plates. plates are ridged nd strong, plates move slowly over the atheowphere, plates collide, move apart or slide past

Question 40

Hot Spots

Answer 40

mid plate volcanoes, Hawaiian islands, volcanoes

Question 41

Types of plate boundaires

Answer 41

divergent - separate
convergent - collide
transform - slide past

Question 42

Activites that reflect the scientific method.

Answer 42

observations, Devine the problem, investigate, new data, ask questions, hypothesis, results, reflect, communicate.