Chapter 1 Vocab

Question 1

The organs and structures of the heart and blood vessels that transport nutrients, water, hormones, gasses, and other substances throughout the body.

Answer 1

Cardiovascular System

Question 2

The invasion and proliferation of pathogens in body tissue.

Answer 2

Infection

Question 3

Disease-causing micro-organism

Answer 3

Pathogen

Question 4

Fluid that people cough up from the lungs

Answer 4

Sputum

Question 5

The design and arrangement of objects so that people interact with them most efficiently and safely

Answer 5

Ergonomics

Question 6

Venae Cavae

Answer 6

Large veins (Venous trucks) that return deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart.

Question 7

Oxygenation

Answer 7

The process of supplying the body with oxygen

Question 8

Carbon Deoxide

Answer 8

An odorless, colorless gas that forms in the tissues and is eliminated by the lungs.

Question 9

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 9

A division of the nervous system that prepares the body to act efficiently in stressful situations (FIGHT OR FLIGHT)

Question 10

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 10

A division of the nervous system that prepares the body for digestion and rest

Question 11

Osmosis

Answer 11

The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane

Question 12

Diffusion

Answer 12

The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 13

Filtrations

Answer 13

A process that separates substances by forcing them through a membrane

Question 14

Electrolyte

Answer 14

A chemical substance that develops an electrical charge and can conduct an electrical current when placed in water

Question 15

Hormone

Answer 15

A chemical a cell produces that affects the functions of other cells

Question 16

Antibody

Answer 16

A type of protein the immune system produces to neutralize a threat of some kind

Question 17

Excrete

Answer 17

Eliminate

Question 18

Fibrinogen

Answer 18

A plasma protein that converts into fibrin to form a clot during bleeding

Question 19

Bone Marrow

Answer 19

The soft tissue inside bones that produces blood-forming cells

Question 20

Antigen

Answer 20

Any substance capable of inducing a specific immune response and triggering the production of an antibody specific to that substance.

Question 21

Coagulation

Answer 21

The process by which a clot forms in the blood

Question 22

Empathy

Answer 22

Sensitivity to and identification with another person’s problems, without expressing sorrow or sympathy.

Question 23

Virus

Answer 23

A micro-organism that causes infections and diseases.

Question 24

Bacterium

Answer 24

A single-cell micro-organism that reproduces rapidly and causes many infections

Question 25

Fungus

Answer 25

A micro-organism that grows on or in animals, plants, humans, and food, including yeasts and molds

Question 26

Protozoon

Answer 26

A single-cell parasite that replicates rapidly once inside a living host

Question 27

pH

Answer 27

A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a substance, with a low pH indicating acidity and a high pH indicating alkalinity

Question 28

Mucous Membrance

Answer 28

The moist inner lining of tubular structures including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines.

Question 29

Fomite

Answer 29

Any nonliving object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms

Question 30

Immunocompromised

Answer 30

Having an impaired immune response, usually as a result of disease, medication therapy, or surgery

Question 31

Varicella

Answer 31

A viral infection that causes a blister-like rash, itching, fatigue, and fever (CHICKENPOX)

Question 32

Tuberculosis

Answer 32

A bacterial infection of the lungs that causes fever, cough, weight loss, chills, and night sweats

Question 33

Measles

Answer 33

A virus that causes fever, cough, runny nose, blotchy rash, and tiny white spots inside the mouth.

Question 34

Rubella

Answer 34

A virus that causes fever and a rash and can cause serious harm to the fetus if a person develops this illness during pregnancy (GERMAN MEASLES)

Question 35

Meningitis

Answer 35

An infection of the membranes that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord

Question 36

Herpes Simplex

Answer 36

A virus that causes blisters either around the mouth and lips (COLD SORES) or genital area

Question 37

Scabies

Answer 37

Itchy skin rash resulting from mites burrowing under the skin

Question 38

Erythema

Answer 38

Redness

Question 39

Edema

Answer 39

An excessive buildup of fluid in body tissue

Question 40

Dilate

Answer 40

Expand or widen

Question 41

Chemotaxis

Answer 41

The release of chemical substances

Question 42

Lymphadenopathy

Answer 42

Swollen lymph nodes

Question 43

Antibiotic

Answer 43

Medication that kills bacteria

Question 44

Immune system

Answer 44

The organs and structures that regulate the body's resistance to disease

Question 45

Oral candidiasis

Answer 45

A fungal infection of the mouth

Question 46

Medical Asepsis

Answer 46

The practice designed to reduce the number and transfer of pathogens as well as break the chain of infections; Clean technique

Question 47

Surgical Asepsis

Answer 47

Complete removal of micro-organisms and their spores from the surface of an object