chapter 1 vocab

Question 1

organism

Answer 1

individual living entity

Question 2

cell

Answer 2

smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in living things

Question 3

cell theory

Answer 3

a biological concept that states that one or more cells comprise all organisms; the cell is the basic unit of life; and new cells arise from existing cells

Question 4

spontaneous generation

Question 5

ATP

Answer 5

adenosine triphosphate, the cell’s energy currency

Question 6

autotrophs

Answer 6

able to make their own food

Question 7

heterotrophs

Question 8

gene

Answer 8

physical and functional unit of heredity, a sequence of DNA that codes for a protein.

Question 9

chromosome

Answer 9

structure within the nucleus that comprises chromatin that contains DNA, the hereditary material

Question 10

mutations

Question 11

natural selection

Answer 11

reproduction of individuals with favorable genetic traits that survive environmental change because of those traits, leading to evolutionary change

Question 12

adaptation

Answer 12

heritable trait or behavior in an organism that aids in its survival and reproduction in its present environment

Question 13

biological evolution

Question 14

survival

Question 15

reproductive advantage

Question 16

fitness

Question 17

artificial selection

Question 18

population

Answer 18

all of the individuals of a species living within a specific area

Question 19

tree of life

Question 20

common ancestry

Question 21

discovery-based science

Answer 21

form of science that aims to observe, explore, and investigate (also known as descriptive science)

Question 22

hypothesis-based science

Answer 22

form of science that begins with a specific question and potential testable answers

Question 23

hypothesis

Answer 23

a suggested explanation for an event, which one can test.

Question 24

physical cause

Question 25

ultimate cause

Question 26

conclusions

Question 27

experimental science

Question 28

variables

Question 29

control groups

Question 30

control tests

Question 31

data

Question 32

observational science

Question 33

historical science

Question 34

scientific theory