chapter 1 study guide Flashcards
What are six properties of living organisms?
Cells, Replication or Reproduction, Energy, Information, Evolution, response to stimuli
What three major scientists revolutionized biology?
Robert Hooke (30x microscope), Antony Van Leeuwenhoek (300x microscope) , Louis Pasteur
Describe the three main observations of cell theory.
the cell is the basic unit of life, all organisms are made of one or more cells, and cells come from per-existing cells.
What are the two fundamental nutritional needs of an organism?
chemical energy (ATP) and molecules (Building blocks)
What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs? Give examples.
autotrophs are self feeders and heterotrophs consume other organisms
What is the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance?
Hereditary information is enclosed in genes, genes are located on chromosomes.
Describe the DNA shape. Why it is so important for the bases to be paired?
double helix, allows DNA to be stored and copied
What are the four steps involved in the Central dogma?
DNA, RNA, Proteins, and Traits
Describe the two main observations of evolution.
Fitness (ability to reproduce) and adaptation (trait that increases the fitness)
What two aspects of an animal’s existence can be affected by an adaptation?
What types of physical changes can be affected by natural selection?
What do the terms “fitness” / “the fittest” really mean on a biological level?
ability to reproduce
How are natural and artificial selection different? How are they similar?
natural selection occurs in nature, artificial occurs in a select population away from nature. natural selection is slow, artifical is rapid. and natural selection allows favorable traits to be inherited where in artifical it is specific traits(eye color in babies or gender of babies)
Why is biological evolution dependent only on mutations that are heritable?
What is meant by the phrase, “individuals do not evolve, populations do”?
How does evolution explain what we see in the tree of life?
Compare and contrast the three scientific ways to test a hypothesis. (Observational, Historical, and experimental)
What is the difference between discovery-based science and the hypothesis-testing approach?
What makes a good hypothesis? Can a statement/idea be valid and not be a good hypothesis?
Why are hypotheses accepted or rejected rather than proven true or false?
Give one example of a testable hypothesis. (Make your own!!)
What is the difference between a physical cause and an ultimate cause?
Why are the processes of science only useful for studying natural, physical causes?
Does scientific evidence necessarily disprove non-scientific conclusions?
