chapter 1 study guide

Question 1

What are six properties of living organisms?

Answer 1

Cells, Replication or Reproduction, Energy, Information, Evolution, response to stimuli

Question 2

What three major scientists revolutionized biology?

Answer 2

Robert Hooke (30x microscope), Antony Van Leeuwenhoek (300x microscope) , Louis Pasteur

Question 3

Describe the three main observations of cell theory.

Answer 3

the cell is the basic unit of life, all organisms are made of one or more cells, and cells come from per-existing cells.

Question 4

What are the two fundamental nutritional needs of an organism?

Answer 4

chemical energy (ATP) and molecules (Building blocks)

Question 5

What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs? Give examples.

Answer 5

autotrophs are self feeders and heterotrophs consume other organisms

Question 6

What is the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance?

Answer 6

Hereditary information is enclosed in genes, genes are located on chromosomes.

Question 7

Describe the DNA shape. Why it is so important for the bases to be paired?

Answer 7

double helix, allows DNA to be stored and copied

Question 8

What are the four steps involved in the Central dogma?

Answer 8

DNA, RNA, Proteins, and Traits

Question 9

Describe the two main observations of evolution.

Answer 9

Fitness (ability to reproduce) and adaptation (trait that increases the fitness)

Question 10

What two aspects of an animal’s existence can be affected by an adaptation?

Question 11

What types of physical changes can be affected by natural selection?

Question 12

What do the terms “fitness” / “the fittest” really mean on a biological level?

Answer 12

ability to reproduce

Question 13

How are natural and artificial selection different? How are they similar?

Answer 13

natural selection occurs in nature, artificial occurs in a select population away from nature. natural selection is slow, artifical is rapid. and natural selection allows favorable traits to be inherited where in artifical it is specific traits(eye color in babies or gender of babies)

Question 14

Why is biological evolution dependent only on mutations that are heritable?

Question 15

What is meant by the phrase, “individuals do not evolve, populations do”?

Question 16

How does evolution explain what we see in the tree of life?

Question 17

Compare and contrast the three scientific ways to test a hypothesis. (Observational, Historical, and experimental)

Question 18

What is the difference between discovery-based science and the hypothesis-testing approach?

Question 19

What makes a good hypothesis? Can a statement/idea be valid and not be a good hypothesis?

Question 20

Why are hypotheses accepted or rejected rather than proven true or false?

Question 21

Give one example of a testable hypothesis. (Make your own!!)

Question 22

What is the difference between a physical cause and an ultimate cause?

Question 23

Why are the processes of science only useful for studying natural, physical causes?

Question 24

Does scientific evidence necessarily disprove non-scientific conclusions?

Question 25

How is the term theory used differently in science than in everyday life?

Answer 25

in science theory is something that can be proven, in everyday life it is a questionable statement or conclusion