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Psychology > Chapter 1: Variations In Psychological Attributes > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Variations In Psychological Attributes Flashcards

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1
Q

Define individual differences

A

Individual differences refers to distinctiveness and variations among people’s characteristics and behavioural patterns

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2
Q

What is situationism

A

Circumstances and situations under which a person is placed influences one’s behaviour

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3
Q

Which is the first step in measuring psychological attributes

A

Assessment

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4
Q

Define assessments

A

Assessments refers to measurement of psychological attributes of individuals and their evaluation by using multiple methods in terms of standards and comparison

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5
Q

What are two kinds of assessments

A

Formal: objective, standardised, organised
Informal: open to subjective interpretations

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6
Q

Psychological attributes are unidimensional and linear
True/ false

A

False

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7
Q

Psychological attributes are usually multidimensional
True/ false

A

True

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8
Q

Mention the psychological attributes

A

Intelligence
Aptitude
Personality
Interest
Values

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9
Q

Define intelligence

A

It is the global capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and use available resources effectively when faced with challenges

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10
Q

What does intelligence test help to understand

A

Intelligence tests help to provide a global measure of a person’s general cognitive competence and the ability to profit from schooling

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11
Q

What is aptitude

A

Underlying potential for acquiring skills

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12
Q

What does aptitude test help to predict

A

What and individual will be able to do if given proper training and environment

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13
Q

What is interest

A

Individual preference for engaging in one or more activity relative to other

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14
Q

What does interest assessment help with

A

What subjects or courses they can pursue comfortably and with pleasure

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15
Q

What are values

A

Enduring beliefs about an ideal mode of behaviour

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16
Q

Why is value assessment conducted

A

To find out dominant values of a person

17
Q

What are the assessment methods

A

Interview
Observation
Case study
Self report
Psychological test

18
Q

Define intelligence in reference to Oxford dictionary

A

Intelligence is the power of perceiving, learning,understanding and knowing

19
Q

How did alfred binet define intelligence

A

Ability to judge well, reason well, understands well

20
Q

How did wechsler define intelligence

A

Global and aggregate capacity to think rationally act purposefully and deal with environment effectively

21
Q

How did gardner and sternberg think of intelligence

A

An intelligent person not only adapts to the environment but also actively modifies it

22
Q

Who proposed the uni factor theory

A

Alfred binet

23
Q

In 1927 who proposed the two factor theory

A

Charles spearman

24
Q

What is the two factor theory

A

There is a
G factor
S factor

25
Q

Who proposed the theory of primary mental abilities

A

Louis thurstone

26
Q

Intelligence consists of 7 primary mental abilities , what are those?
(Louis thurstone)

A

PIWS NVM

PERCEPTUAL speed
INDUCTIVE reasoning
WORD fluency
SPATIAL reasoning
NUMERICAL abilities
VERBAL comprehension
MEMORY

27
Q

Who proposed the hierarchical model fo abilities operating on different levels

A

Arthur jensen

Level 1- associative learning
Level 2- cognitive competence

28
Q

Structure of intellect model was proposed by

A

Jp guilford

29
Q

What is structure of intellect model

A

Classification of intellectual traits in 3 dimensions

1) operations:
Memory
Cognition
Divergent production
Convergent production
Evaluation
Recording

2) products:
Units
Classes
Relations
Systems
Transformations
Implications

3) contents
Visual
Auditory
Symbolic
Semantic
Behavioural

6️⃣x6️⃣x5️⃣=1️⃣8️⃣0️⃣
Cells

30
Q

PASS MODEL was proposed by

A

JP das
Jack Naglieri
kirby
1994

31
Q

Who gave the concept of Intelligence Quotient and when

A

William Stern
1912

32
Q

The study of intellectually gifted people was started by who and when

A

Levis termen
1925

Psychology (3 decks)

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