Chapter 1: Understanding Ethics

Question 1

What is:

Utilitarianism

Answer 1

Ethical choices that offer the greatest good for the greatest number of people.

Question 2

What are:

Universal Ethics

Answer 2

Actions that are taken out of DUTY and OBLIGATION to a purely moral ideal, rather than based on the needs of the situation, since the universal principles are seen to apply to EVERYONE, EVERYWHERE, ALL the time.

Question 3

What ethical theory was originally proposed by a Scottish philosopher named DAVID HUME?

Answer 3

Utilitarianism

Question 4

What are:

Virtue Ethics

Answer 4

A concept of living your life according to a commitment to achieve a clear ideal.

WHAT SORT OF PERSON WOULD I LIKE TO BECOME, AND HOW DO I GO ABOUT BECOMING THAT PERSON?

Question 5

What are Lawrence Kohlberg’s Stages of Ethical Reasoning?

Answer 5

1. Pre-conventional
2. Conventional
3. Post conventional

Question 6

Why are the stages for Kohlberg’s Pre-conventional level?

Answer 6

1. Obedience and Punishment

2. Individualism, instrumentalism, and exchange.