Chapter 1: Thinking Critically With Psychological Science Flashcards
What is critical thinking?
Examines assumptions, appraises the source, discerns hidden biases, evaluates evidence, and assess conclusions
scientific thinking combines
curiosity: thinking bout the world around us
skepticism: questioning about unproven claims and ideas
humility: being humble about ones own opinion or understanding
who is Wilhelm Wundt?
established the first psychological laboratory in Germany
Psychology’s first schools of thought
Structuralism: early school of thought that reveals the structure of the human mind
Functionalism: early school of thought that explores how mental and behavioral process function
Psychology’s first women
What did Mary Calkins become and she was the first women to do what?
Calkins become a pioneering memory researcher, and she was the first women president of the American Psychological Association (APA)
where do some psychologist work?
hospitals mental institutions professors private practice schools doctor's office
most psychologist do this despite popular media suggesting their primary work is therapy?
research
what is psychology?
the science of behavior and mental process
Perspectives
neuroscience
how the brain and body enables emotion, mental process, and behavior
evolutionary
roles of inherited tendencies proven adaptive in humans
behavior genetics
how our genes and environmental influences our individual differences
psychodynamic
how behavior springs from unconscious drives an conflicts
behavioral
how we learn observable responses
cognitive
how we think and perform other mental processes
biological influences
- natural selection
- brain mechanisms
- hormonal influence
psychological influences
- learned fear and other learned expectations
- emotional responses
- cognitive processing and interpretations
social-cultual influences
- presence of others
- cultural,societal, and family expectations
- peer and other group influences
basic research
science that aims to increase to scientific knowledge base
overconfidence
we tend to think we know more than we actually know
unconscious mental process?
growth of healthy people?
observable behavior?
how do we remember information?
-Frued (psychoanalysis)
-Maslow & Rodgers (Humanistic)
-Watson & Skinner (Behaviorism)
Cognitive
Psychology Subfields
Basic Research
- biological
- developmental
- cognitive
- social
- personality
- positive psychology
Applied Subfields
Clinical Psychology
asses and treats mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders
Neuropsychology
asses and treats behavior related to brain functioning
What is a theory?
set of principles built on observations and other verifiable facts
