Chapter 1: Theory Flashcards
What is the study of social development?
An examination of the influences of parents, peers, schools, media, community, culture on children’s social behaviours and ideas. May also affect other areas of development
What sense can newborns use to recognize their mother?
they can recognize their mother by smell
At what age can children experience jealousy?
even 2 year olds
What can having a close friend do?
Make up for being rejected by peers
What does the field of social development include?
Social behaviour, inidividual differences in social behaviour, changes in social behaviour and explanations for these changes
How were children viewed in the medieval period?
Children were viewed as miniature adults
What did Darwin study in regards to child development?
Study of development of emotions and study of child development began
What did Hall contribute to research?
introduced the use of questionnaires
What did Watson contribute to the field?
conditioning of social and emotional behavior
What did freud contribute to the field?
Biological view of social development was how adults handled basic drives
What did Gessell contribute to the field?
○ Maturation view of social skills. Development unfolds over time (i.e., genetics)
What is the role of ‘nature’ in social development?
Biology and Maturation: unfolding of increasingly complex social skills and abilities (predetermined by genetics)
What is the role of ‘nurture’ in social development?
Environment and learning
What is the modern view on the nature vs. nurture debate?
Environment + biology is the modern view not either/or (E.g., children’s aggression is a function of both testosterone level (biology) and early family experiences (environment)
What role do children play in their own development?
Passive (just passive consumers, absorbing information) or Active (active participants in the process of their development)
What is the transactional model of social development?
ongoing interchanges between social partners such as a parent and child across time that result in modifications of the social behaviour of each. this model emphasizes the process by which one actively shapes his/her own development
What are the appropriate units for studying social development?
Individual child, Social dyads (pairs of individuals like social partners, friends, parent-child), Social triads and Peer groups
Is development continuous or discontinuous?
It varies. Some believe it is smooth and gradual (continuous) vs. stage like (discontinuous: Freud, Piaget)
What is Siegler’s stance on whether development is continuous or discontinuous?
Are stages, but they happen gradually with strategiesE.g., toddler takes turns in playing with a toy but also grabs the toy on another day. Ebb and flow before a new strategy is acquired.
Is social development universal across cultures?
Culture free laws of development: acquiring the basic foundations of social life
Variation in beliefs and child rearing practices across cultural settings–> variation in social patterns.
What were the gradual shifts and significant events that made social development vary across historical eras?
Gradual shifts: Family timing and structure, Modes of communication, Mothers working outside the home
Significant events:
War, Economic depression, Natural disaster
What other areas do social interactions impact and get impacted by?
Emotional development Cognitive development Language development Motor development There is a Reciprocal nature of cross-domain influence
How important are mothers for child development?
Other caregivers (especially if primary) still have a tremendous impact on the child’s development
What is multifinality?
the divergence of developmental paths in which two individuals start out similarly but end at very different points (twins are an example of this)
What is equifinality?
the convergence of developmental paths in which children follow very different paths to reach the same developmental end point (i.e., adulthood, milestone)