Chapter 1 - The Vine Flashcards
What are the 4 main sections of the vine?
Roots
Permanent Wood
One year old wood
Shoots
What are the major structures of a shoot?`
Tendrils Leaves Inflorescences Buds Lateral shoots
What is the role of buds? What are the 2 main types?
They mature into the green parts of a vine - stem, leaves, tendrils, inflorescenses, buds
Compound buds and Prompt buds
What is the purpose of the stem of a shoot?
Provide structure
Transport water and solutes
Store carbohydrates
What is the main function of lateral shoots?
Allow the plant to carry on growing if hte tip of the primary shoot has been damaged or eaten
Provide an additional source of leaves for photosynthesis (if its at the end of the primary shoot and exposed to sunlight)
Describe Compound Buds
AKA Latent buds
Form in one growing season and break open the next. They produce the shoots for the next growing season
Generally has 1 primary bud and a secondary/tertiary bud. Secondary/tertiary buds only break open if damage (ie spring frost) happened to the primary bud
Describr Prompt buds
Form and break open in the same growing season
They form on the primary shoot and produce lateral shoots
Why might lateral shoots be removed during summer pruning?
They are nearer the base of hte primary shoot and impede air flow or shade the fruit too much
What is a second crop? How is it different from the main crop?
Inflorescences produced by lateral shoots
They become bunches of grapes later htan those on the main stem and ripen later
Describe Tendrils
Provide support to the shoot. The tendrils curl around trellis wires and keep the canopy in place
Describe Leaves
Main site of photosynthesis in vines. This process produces sugars used for vine growth and metabolism
Describe transpiration
When water and nutrients are drawn up from the soil through the vine to the leaves when water diffuses out of the stomata
Describe Inflorescences
A cluster of flowers on a stem that become a bunch of grapes at fruit set. Usually there’s 1-3 inflorescenses on a shoot
Describe Bunches (of grapes)
Fertilized inflorescenses
What are the main parts of a grape?
Pulp
Skin
Seed
Describe the Pulp
Makes up the majority of hte grape’s weight and volume
Contains water, sugars, acids, and some aroma compounds/precursors
Describe Grape Skin
Contains a high concentration of aroma compounds/precursors, tannins, color compounds
Describe Grape Seeds
Contain oils, tannins, and the embryo
What is the bloom?
Powdery waxy coating that covers the surface of the grape
Describe one year old wood
The shoots from the previous season that weren’t removed during winter pruning and hold the compound buds that burst for the upcoming growing season
Either cane or spur pruned
Describe Permanent Wood
The woody parts that are more than one year old including the trunk. Can sometimes include one or more horizontal arms of permanent wood (cordons)
Provide support
Transport water and solutes thru the vine
Store carbohydrates and nutrients
Describe Roots
Anchors the vine
Uptakes water and nutrients from the soil
Store carbohydrates
Produce hormones
What factors influence hte distribution of the main framework of roots
Soil type
Water source
Type of rootstock
Cultivation
Two ways to propogate vines:
Cuttings - small cuttings are taken from a vie and planted to grow a new plant. Can be grafted onto rootstock and nurseries can treat to avoid diseases
Layerings - bending a cane down into the ground with the tip pointing up. Once the part in teh ground takes root, it is cut from the original vine. The new vine grows on its own roots NOT rootstock
Describe Clonal Selection
Choosing cuttings from vines with favorable characteristics to propogate
Pros and cons of clonal selection
Pro: vineyard management is simpler when all the grapes can be treated and harvested the same way at the same time
Con: less diversity in the region and all the wines from the region start to become the same
Less diversity in the vineyard means wines produced will have less complexity and balance
Vineyard becomes more susceptible to disease
Describe Mass Selection
Vineyard owners take cuttings from the best vines in their vineyard and propogate them.
Pros and cons of mass selection
Pros: Vineyard uniqueness and increase in diversity throughout the vineyard and region
When using your own planting material, fruit quality and/or yield can be enhanced
Cons: several years of monitoring is required to know which vines are performing the best - costly in time and labor
If the parent vine is infected by disease, new vines are also likely to be infected - technique speeds up the spread of vine disease (no nursery to make sure vines are healthy)
What is a cross?
Offpring with parents from the same species (Pinotage)
What is a hybrid?
Offpsring with parents from different species (ie Vidal Blanc)
