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SOC 111 > Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective > Flashcards

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Flashcards

1
Q

The study of human society and social life and the social causes and consequences of human behavior

A

Sociology

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2
Q

a quality of mind that allows us to understand the influence of history and biography on our interactive process.

A

Sociological Imagination

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3
Q

the ability to see how society and social behavior has patterns and discern social processes

A

Sociological Perspective

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4
Q

Macrosociology

A

A level of sociological analysis concerned with large scale structures like war and unemployment

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5
Q

Microsociology

A

small scale units like small group and social interactions

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6
Q

the study of the physical, biological, social and cultural development of humans

A

Anthropology

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7
Q

Auguste Comte

A

“father of sociology”, coined the term sociology, best known for law of human progress, created concept that society is like an organism, social statics/social dynamics

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8
Q

Law of Human Progress

A

Society has gone through three stages

  1. Theological (priests and military hold political dominance, family is prototypical social unit)
  2. Metaphysical (clergy and lawyers, state)
  3. Scientific (scientific moral guides and industrial admins, whole human race)
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9
Q

Social statics

A

Comte’s term for the stable structure of society

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10
Q

Comte’s term for social progresses and change

A

Social dynamics

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11
Q

Herbert Spencer

A

Believed that societies pass through an evolution process, his theories helped well educated and wealthy, he opposed public school, government non-interference

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12
Q

Karl Marx

A

lower class = moral outrage, political revolution = vital for improvement of society, economics = dominant institution, social conflict, economic determinism, bourgeoisie, class-consciousness

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13
Q

Social conflict

A

a view of Karl Marx that class struggle due to economic inequality is at the core of society

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14
Q

Economic determinism

A

Marx’s idea that economic factors are responsible for most social change and for the nature of social conditions, activities and institutions

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15
Q

The class of people who own the means of production

A

Bourgeoisie

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16
Q

The group in capitalist societies that does not own the means of production has only labor to sell

A

Proletariat

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17
Q

Awareness among members of society that the society is organized in hierarchical order

A

Class-consciousness

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18
Q

Emile Durkheim

A

Suicide is a social phenomenon, social phenomenon have distinctive characteristics/determinants, collective consciousness, made sociology a legitimate academic enterprise, “social order”, empirical research

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19
Q

Egoistic suicide

A

results from lack of social integration into meaningful groups

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20
Q

Altruistic suicide

A

results from being overly integrated into a group and the group meaning takes on more importance than the individual. Ex: ISIS

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21
Q

Anomic suicide

A

Results from sudden changes in society or in one’s life, disruption of patterns; ex: Great Depression

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22
Q

Fatalistic suicide

A

results from oppressive social conditions that lead on to a fatal sense of hopelessness

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23
Q

Max Weber

A

German sociologist who believed sociologists should not just study social structures and facts but social actions, considered structures, social divisions, social movements, Verstehen, iron cage of rationality

24
Q

Reliable and valid pieces of information about society

A

Social facts

25
Q

A collective psyche that results from the blending of many individual mentalities but exist above any one individual; ex: God exists in the beliefs of people

A

Collective conciousness

26
Q

Verstehen

A

Understanding human action by examining the subjective meaning that people attach to their own behavior and behavior of others

27
Q

Significant contributor to early development of sociology who was ignored by the male dominated field

A

Harriet Martineau

28
Q

Middle-range theory

A

A set of propositions designed to link abstract theory with empirical testing

29
Q

A set of logically and systematically interrelated propositions that explain a particular process phenomenon

A

Theory

30
Q

The theory that societies contain certain interdependent structures, each of which perform certain functions

A

Structural functionalism

31
Q

In structural functionalism theory, factors that lead to the disruption of breakdown of the social system

A

Dysfunctions

32
Q

Functional alternatives

A

Meeting functions of the system in ways other than initially intended. ex: providing alternatives for a child left alone (clubs, staying with a relative, etc.) = less chance of school violence

33
Q

Conflict Theory

A

A social theory that views conflict as inevitable and natural as a significant cause of change. When sociologists look for answers to conflict they look for inequalities

34
Q

Symbolic interaction theory

A

The social theory that stressing interactions between people and the social progress that occur within the individual that are made possible by language and internalized meaning; red traffic light = stop

35
Q

Exchange theory

A

A theory of interaction that attempts to explain social behavior in terms of reciprocity of costs and rewards

36
Q

Evolutionary theory

A

A theory of social development that suggests that societies, like biological organisms, progress through stages of increasing complexity

37
Q

A science that has human behavior, social organizations and society as its subject matter

A

Social science

38
Q

Responsible for concept of Sociological Imagination

A

C. Wright Mills

39
Q

Data derived from observation and experience

A

empirical evidence

40
Q

The Development of Sociology was inspired by…

A

Ideas produced during the Enlightenment (18th century), progress in physical/natural sciences, Industrial Revolution, expansion of colonialism

41
Q

Henri de St. Simon

A

Studied the scientific analysis of society as it pertained to social reform

42
Q

Mechanical Solidarity

A

Societies and groups held together by similarities

43
Q

Organic Solidarity

A

Societies and groups held together by interdependence

44
Q

False Consciousness

A

A belief that something is true even if it is not. ex: American Dream rags to riches stories

45
Q

Iron Cage of Rationality

A

Behavior becomes goal oriented (purposeful) rather than value oriented (emotional). Causes Bureaucracies to lose their “human element”

46
Q

Roots of Sociology in US

A

1892, University of Chicago - used to study urban development

47
Q

George Herbeat Mead

A

“The Chicago School”, roots of social psychology

48
Q

Charles Horton Cooley

A

“The Chicago School”, primary self

49
Q

Robert Park and Ernest Burgress

A

“The Chicago School”, focus on social problems;urban sociology

50
Q

1st big shaper of sociology

A

Durkheim

51
Q

Key Contributors to Functionalism

A

Durkheim, Parsons, Merton

52
Q

Critique of Functionalism

A

An overly conservative view of social life, lacks sufficient critical component

53
Q

Key Contributors to Conflict Theory

A

Marx, Mills, Dahrendorf, Collins

54
Q

Criticisms of Conflict Theory

A

Too radical, overly critical, ignores cooperative aspects of society

55
Q

Key Figures of Symbolic Interactionism

A

Cooley, Mead, Blumer

SOC 111 (8 decks)

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