Chapter 1- The Scientific Study Of Life

Question 1

Cells

Answer 1

Basic Units of Life

Question 2

Atom

Answer 2

The smallest chemical unit of a type of pure substance (element)

Question 3

Molecules

Answer 3

A ground of joined atoms

Question 4

Organelle

Answer 4

A membrane-bounded structure that has a function within a cell.

Question 5

Cell

Answer 5

The fundamental unit of life.

Question 6

Tissue

Answer 6

A collection of specialized cells that function in a coordinated fashion.

Question 7

Organs

Answer 7

A structure consisting of tissues organized to interact and carry out specific functions.

Question 8

Organ System

Answer 8

Organs connected physically or chemically that function together.

Question 9

Organism

Answer 9

A single living individual.

Question 10

Single-celled organism

Answer 10

Composed of just one cell (bacteria and amoebas).

Question 11

Multicellular

Answer 11

Composed of many cells (sea sponges, moss, mushrooms).

Question 12

Population

Answer 12

A group of the same species of organism living in the same place and time.

Question 13

Community

Answer 13

All populations that occupy the same region.

Question 14

Ecosystem

Answer 14

The living and non living components of an area.

Question 15

Biosphere

Answer 15

The global ecosystem; the parts of the planet and its atmosphere where life is possible.

Question 16

Producers

Answer 16

Extract energy and nutrients from the non living environment.

Question 17

Consumers

Answer 17

Obtain energy and nutrients by eating other organisms.

Question 18

Decomposers

Answer 18

Consumers that obtain nutrients from dead organisms and organic wastes.

Question 19

Homeostasis

Answer 19

The process by which a cell or organism maintains internal equilibrium.

Question 20

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 20

Only one parent is involved and the offspring are genetically identical to the parent. Successful in unchanging environments.

Question 21

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 21

Two parents are involved and the offspring are genetically different from the parent. Successful in changing environments.

Question 22

5 characteristics of life?

Answer 22

1) Organization
2) Energy
3) Internal Constancy
4) Reproduction, growth, and development
5) Evolution

Question 23

Evolution

Answer 23

Genetic change over time in population (antibiotic resistant bacteria example).

Question 24

Taxonomy

Answer 24

Technique used to name and classify organisms.

Question 25

Tree of life three main branches?

Answer 25

1) Domain Bacteria
2) Domain Archaea
3) Domain Eukarya

Question 26

Domains Bacteria and Archaea

Answer 26

Consist of small, prokaryotic and unicellular organisms.

Question 27

Domains are divided into what?

Answer 27

Kingdoms, each domain includes one or more kingdoms representing thousand to millions of different species.

Question 28

Domain Eukarya

Answer 28

Organisms with more complex cells and with nuclei.

Question 29

Prokaryotic

Answer 29

Cells that lack nuclei.

Question 30

The Scientific Method: 1st Step?

Answer 30

Observations and questions, what we see, hear, read, etc.

Question 31

The Scientific Method:Step 2?

Answer 31

Hypothesis and Predictions

Question 32

Hypothesis

Answer 32

Tentative explanation for observations-a testable idea of how to answer a question.

Question 33

Predictions

Answer 33

Allow you to test a hypothesis in a controlled experiment.

Question 34

The Scientific Method: Part 3?

Answer 34

Data is used to draw Conclusions about the hypothesis.

Question 35

The Scientific Method: Part 4?

Answer 35

Publish and Review; publish your results from an experiment to have them peer-reviewed.

Question 36

Independent Variable

Answer 36

An independent variable (input of interest) is what the investigators manipulate to determine whether it influences the phenomenon of interest.

Question 37

Dependent Variable

Answer 37

A dependent variable (outcome of interest) is what the investigators manipulate to determine whether the independent variable influenced the phenomenon of interest.

Question 38

Standardized Variable

Answer 38

A standardized variable (input which can affect the dependent variable) is any variable intentionally held constant for all subjects in an experiment, including the control group.

Question 39

Control Group

Answer 39

Baseline used for comparison (that is, coffee beans from plants that have only been treated with water).

Question 40

Experimental/Test Group

Answer 40

May or may not show different results from the control group (that is, coffee beans from plants that have been given extra fertilizer).

Question 41

Scientific Theory

Answer 41

A broad explanation for a natural phenomenon.

Question 42

Scientific Fact

Answer 42

Scientific theories that have been proven true.

Question 43

What is biology?

Answer 43

The Scientific study of life.