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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 1 -- The Sciences of Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Chapter 1 -- The Sciences of Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

study of structure and form

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2
Q

physiology

A

study of the function of body parts

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3
Q

steps to scientific method

A

observation
hypothesis
experiment
draw conclusions

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4
Q

gross anatomy

A

study of large pieces of anatomy that are visible without instruments

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5
Q

palpation

A

squeezing with hands/fingers

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6
Q

auscultation

A

use of stethoscope

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7
Q

systematic anatomy

A

study of anatomy that focuses on each individual body system

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8
Q

regional anatomy

A

examines all of the structures in a particular region of the body as a complete unit

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9
Q

surface anatomy

A

focuses on both superficial anatomic markups + the internal body structures that relate to the skin covering them

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10
Q

developmental anatomy

A

studies structural changes of an individual from fertilization to maturity

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11
Q

embryology

A

discipline concerned with developmental changes occurring from conception to birth

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12
Q

8 Necessary Life Functions

A

metabolism
growth + development
responsiveness
organization
homeostasis
reproduction
heredity/DNA
adaptation/evolution

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13
Q

metabolism

A

sum of all the chemical reations that occur within the body

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14
Q

anabolism

A

small molecules are joined to form larger molecules

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15
Q

catabolism

A

larger molecules are broken down into smaller molecules

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16
Q

11 main systems of the human body

A

integumentary system
skeletal system
muscular system
nervous system
endocrine system
cardiovascular system
lymphatic system
respiratory system
urinary system
digestive system
reproductive system

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17
Q

anatomic position

A

stands upright with the feet parallel + flat on the floor, the upper limbs are at the sides of the body, and the eyes look forward toward the observer

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18
Q

supine

A

lying flat on back

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19
Q

prone

A

lying flat on stomach

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20
Q

section

A

refers to actual cut or slice to expose the internal anatomy

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21
Q

plane

A

imaginary flat surface passing through body

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22
Q

coronal plane

A

vertical plane so that it is broken down to front and back (anterior and posterior)

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23
Q

transverse plane

A

horizontal plane

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24
Q

sagittal plane

A

vertical plane that slices body into left and right sections

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25
Q

midsagittal

A

vertical plane that slices into equal left and right sections

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26
Q

oblique plane

A

diagonal plane

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27
Q

anterior

A

in front of; toward the front surface

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28
Q

posterior

A

in back of; toward the back suface

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29
Q

dorsal

A

toward the back side of the human body

30
Q

ventral

A

toward the belly side of the human body

31
Q

superior

A

closer to the head

32
Q

inferior

A

closer to the feet

33
Q

cranial (cephalic)

A

toward the head end

34
Q

caudal

A

toward the rear or tail end

35
Q

rostral

A

toward the nose or mouth

36
Q

medial

A

toward the midline of the body

37
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline of the body

38
Q

ipsilateral

A

on the same side

39
Q

contralateral

A

on the opposite side

40
Q

deep

A

closer to the inside, internal to another structure

41
Q

superficial

A

closer to the outside, external to another structure

42
Q

proximal

A

closer to point of attachment to trunk

43
Q

distal

A

farther away from point of attachment to trunk

44
Q

axial region

A

includes head neck and trunk; forms the main vertical axis of the body

45
Q

appendicular region

A

includes upper + lower limbs attached to axial region

46
Q

cavities

A

enclosed spaces that internal organs + organ systems are located

47
Q

posterior aspect

A

contain cavities that are encased in bone + are physically + developmentally different from the ventral cavity

48
Q

cranial cavity

A

formed by the bones of the cranium

49
Q

vertebral canal

A

formed by the bones of the vertebral column

50
Q

ventral cavity

A

larger, anteriorly placed cavity in the body

51
Q

parietal layer

A

typically lines the internal surface of the body wall

52
Q

visceral layer

A

covers the external surface of the organs within the cavity

53
Q

serous cavity

A

potential space between the parietal + visceral layer

54
Q

serous fluid

A

liquid secreted by a serous membrane

55
Q

mediastinum

A

median space between lungs

56
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

consists of an abdominal cavity (superior to pelvic brim) and a pelvic cavity (inferior to pelvic brim)

57
Q

abdominal cavity

A

space between the abdominal wall and the spine

58
Q

pelvic cavity

A

surrounded by pelvic bones and it contains organs like urinary bladder, rectum, and pelvic genitals

59
Q

umbilical region

A

middle region where the umbilicus lies

60
Q

epigastric region

A

superior to umbilical region

61
Q

hypogastric region

A

lies inferior to umbilical region

62
Q

right + left hypochondriac regions

A

inferior to the costal cartilages + lateral to the epigastric region

63
Q

right + left lumbar regions

A

lateral to the umbilical region

64
Q

right + left iliac region

A

lateral to hypogastric region

65
Q

homeostasis

A

ability of an organism to maintain a consistent internal environment or “steady rate” in response to changing internal or external conditions

66
Q

receptor

A

detects changes in a variables

67
Q

stimulus

A

change in the variable (physical or chemical)

68
Q

control center

A

structure that both interprets input from the receptor + initiates changes through the effector

69
Q

effector

A

structure that brings about the change to alter the stimulus

70
Q

negative feedback

A

resulting action will always be in the opposite direction of the stimulus

71
Q

positive feedback

A

stimulus is reinforced to continue in the same direction until a climatic event occurs

Anatomy & Physiology (9 decks)

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