Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Biology > Chapter 1: The Science of Biology > Flashcards

Chapter 1: The Science of Biology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the characteristics of life?

A

1.) Cellular organization
2.) Organized complexity
3.) Sensitivity (response to stimuli)
4.) Growth, development, reproduction
5.) Energy utilization
6.) Homeostasis
7.) Evolutionary adaptation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the order of the hierarchical organization of life?

A

atoms, molecules, macromolecules, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, same species, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

applies general principals to predict specific results
ex) inferring species of specimen from characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Inductive reasoning

A

uses specific observations to construct general principals
ex) poodles and dogs observed all have hair, so all dogs have hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Scientific Method Order

A

observations, questions, hypothesis, experiments, theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hypothesis

A
  • a possible explanation of an observation
  • testable
  • able to yield predictions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Scientific theory

A
  • a statement of how the world works that is supported by experimental data
  • tested frequently and supported by lots of evidence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Evolution

A

living things are different from how they once began

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Thomas Malthus

A

said that populations increase geometrically (in multiples: 2, 6, 18), while food supply increases arithmetically (2, 4, 6)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Natural selection

A

the “fittest” individuals will survive and pass on their traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Artificial selection

A

breeders chose certain variations of animals (more variation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When did life begin?

A

3.8 billion years ago

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How old is Earth?

A

4.5 billion years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Homologous structures

A
  • same evolutionary origin, different function
  • vertebrate limbs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Analogous structures

A
  • different evolutionary origin, similar function
  • butterfly and bird wings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Phylogenetic tree

A
  • pattern of descent traced through nucleotide changes in gene sequence
  • represents evolutionary history of a gene, like a family tree
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Genome

A

set of DNA instructions that specifies a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bacteria Domain

A

single-celled, little internal structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Archaea Domain

A

prokaryotes or single-celled with little internal structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Eukarya Domain

A
  • complex cells
  • made of Kingdom Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Kingdom Protista

A

unicellular eukaryotes besides yeast and multicellular algae

22
Q

Kingdom Plantae

A

cell walls made of cellulose, photosynthesis

23
Q

Kingdom Fungi

A

cell walls made of chitin, secretion of digestive enzymes

24
Q

Kingdom Animalia

A

no cell walls, ingest other organisms, then digest

25
Q

The idea of evolution…

A

predated Darwin and Wallace

26
Q

What life form existed first?

A

prokaryotic unicellular heterotroph

27
Q

Cell theory

A

concluded by Schleiden and Schwann that all living things are made of cells and come from pre-existing cells

28
Q

Molecule

A

a group of two or more atoms

29
Q

Organelle

A

specialized part of a cell

30
Q

Variables control

A

factor that is held constant throughout an experiment - something to compare to

31
Q

Basic research

A

done at universities, extends boundaries of what we know

32
Q

Applied research

A

involves applying research to manufacturing of food additives, new drugs, etc.

33
Q

Did Earth’s early atmosphere have oxygen?

A

no

34
Q

What is a prokaryote?

A

doesn’t have membrane-bound organelles

35
Q

How long ago did photosynthesis begin?

A

2.7 billion years ago

36
Q

What is a eukaryote?

A
  • has membrane-bound organelles
  • evolved from prokaryotes
37
Q

Endosymbiois

A
  • living inside one another
  • mitochondria and chloroplasts
38
Q

Carrolus Linnaeus

A

known for creating system of binomial nomenclature

39
Q

Charles Darwin

A
  • wrote the book The Origin of Species
  • noticed 14 different finch species on the Galapagos Islands and formulated that evolution occurs because of natural selection
40
Q

How old are microscopic fossils?

A

2.5 billion years old

41
Q

What is carbon-14 used for?

A

to determined the age of archaeological facts of biological origin of around 50,000 years old

42
Q

How do you hold a microscope?

A
  • carry the microscope with both hands
  • one hand on arm, one hand under the base
  • hold upright
43
Q

What is the purpose of a microscope’s diaphragm?

A
  • regulates the amount of light that passes through the specimen
44
Q

What is the difference between fine adjustment and course adjustment on a microscope?

A
  • fine adjustment = precision focusing
  • course adjustment = larger focusing
45
Q

What part of the microscope produces the light?

A
  • condenser
46
Q

What parts are located in the body of the microscope?

A
  • prisms
  • eyepiece tube
  • lenses
47
Q

What do you clean the microscope lens with?

A
  • lens paper
48
Q

What happens to the brightness of the field of view of a microscope as you change from low power to high power?

A
  • the brightness decreases
49
Q

What would an “e” look like under a microscope?

A
  • rotated 180 degrees
  • now it’s upside down
50
Q

When you move the slide to the left on the stage, what direction does the image appear to move?

A
  • right
51
Q

When you move the slide away from you on the stage, what direction does the image appear to move?

A
  • toward you
52
Q

How do you calculate the total magnification on a microscope?

A

multiply objective lens by ocular lens

AP Biology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions