Chapter 1: The Problem of Knowledge Terms to Remember

Question 1

argument ad ignorantiam

Answer 1

fallacy of believing that the fact you can’t prove something ISN’T true means that it IS true

Question 2

common sense

Answer 2

has many underlying inaccuracies and biases

Question 3

mental map

Answer 3

personal common-sense picture of the world

what is true/false, reasonable/unreasonable, right/wrong, etc.

Question 4

mercator projection

Answer 4

Eurocentric map of the world

Question 5

Hobo-Dyer Equal Area Projection

Answer 5

Pacific-centric/”distorted” map of the world; reflects relative land sizes of land masses; upside down

Question 6

Paradox of cartography

Answer 6

if a map is to be useful, then by necessity it must be imperfect
Perfect map would have to be a scale of 1:1 (useless)

Question 7

The map is not the territory

Answer 7

well-known slogan

Question 8

language, perception, reason and emotion; certainty

Answer 8

ways of knowing (blank…) give us knowledge, but not (blank)

Question 9

language

Answer 9

means by which we acquire knowledge among people

not always reliable

Question 10

perception

Answer 10

life based on personal experience, but deceptive in some senses (limited)

Question 11

reason

Answer 11

claimed to give greater certainty than perception

does not necessarily follow in all cases (liable for errors because of inability for abstract reasoning)

Question 12

emotion

Answer 12

intuition is not identical for everyone
energy to pursue knowledge
not infallible

Question 13

What if everything is a figment of someone else’s imagination?

Answer 13

I think, therefore I am.

BUT… (question)

Question 14

radical doubt

Answer 14

term for illusory supposition

i.e. Truman Burbank on “The Truman Show”

Question 15

relativism

Answer 15

no absolute truth is objectively independent of our beliefs

Question 16

judgment

Answer 16

balancing skepticism and open-mindedness (but not gullibility)
we rely on (blank), rather than certainties

Question 17

skeptical

Answer 17

if we are too (blank), knowledge cannot progress

Question 18

evidence and coherence

Answer 18

“knowledge plausibility”/”reasonable knowledge” is based on (blank)

Question 19

evidence

Answer 19

supports the reasonability of a belief (one of two criteria)

Question 20

confirmation bias

Answer 20

tendency to look for evidence that supports the argument

Question 21

coherence

Answer 21

determining whether or not the belief is reasonable;

we cannot cast doubt on all of our beliefs at the same time (examine them one at a time against the background)

Question 22

periodical evaluation

Answer 22

We are what we believe, and these affect our behavior.

In order to be responsible, we must allow (blank) of our beliefs.

Question 23

(blank) has many underlying inaccuracies and biases

Answer 23

common sense

Question 24

personal common-sense picture of the world

what is true/false, reasonable/unreasonable, right/wrong, etc.

Answer 24

mental map

Question 25

Eurocentric map of the world

Answer 25

mercator projection

Question 26

Pacific-centric/”distorted” map of the world; reflects relative land sizes of land masses; upside down

Answer 26

Hobo-Dyer Equal Area Projection

Question 27

if a map is to be useful, then by necessity it must be imperfect
Perfect map would have to be a scale of 1:1 (useless)

Answer 27

Paradox of cartography

Question 28

well-known slogan

Answer 28

The map is not the territory

Question 29

ways of knowing (blank…) give us knowledge, but not (blank)

Answer 29

language, perception, reason and emotion; certainty

Question 30

means by which we acquire knowledge among people

not always reliable

Answer 30

language

Question 31

life based on personal experience, but deceptive in some senses (limited)

Answer 31

perception

Question 32

claimed to give greater certainty than perception

does not necessarily follow in all cases (liable for errors because of inability for abstract reasoning)

Answer 32

reason

Question 33

intuition is not identical for everyone
energy to pursue knowledge
not infallible

Answer 33

emotion

Question 34

I think, therefore I am.

BUT… (question)

Answer 34

What if everything is a figment of someone else’s imagination?

Question 35

term for illusory supposition

i.e. Truman Burbank on “The Truman Show”

Answer 35

radical doubt

Question 36

no absolute truth is objectively independent of our beliefs

Answer 36

relativism

Question 37

balancing skepticism and open-mindedness (but not gullibility)
we rely on (blank), rather than certainties

Answer 37

judgment

Question 38

if we are too (blank), knowledge cannot progress

Answer 38

skeptical

Question 39

“knowledge plausibility”/”reasonable knowledge” is based on (blank)

Answer 39

evidence and coherence

Question 40

supports the reasonability of a belief (one of two criteria)

Answer 40

evidence

Question 41

fallacy of believing that the fact you can’t prove something ISN’T true means that it IS true

Answer 41

argument ad ignorantiam

Question 42

tendency to look for evidence that supports the argument

Answer 42

confirmation bias

Question 43

determining whether or not the belief is reasonable;

we cannot cast doubt on all of our beliefs at the same time (examine them one at a time against the background)

Answer 43

coherence

Question 44

We are what we believe, and these affect our behavior.

In order to be responsible, we must allow (blank) of our beliefs.

Answer 44

periodical evaluation