Chapter 1: The Problem of Knowledge Terms to Remember Flashcards
argument ad ignorantiam
fallacy of believing that the fact you can’t prove something ISN’T true means that it IS true
common sense
has many underlying inaccuracies and biases
mental map
personal common-sense picture of the world
what is true/false, reasonable/unreasonable, right/wrong, etc.
mercator projection
Eurocentric map of the world
Hobo-Dyer Equal Area Projection
Pacific-centric/”distorted” map of the world; reflects relative land sizes of land masses; upside down
Paradox of cartography
if a map is to be useful, then by necessity it must be imperfect
Perfect map would have to be a scale of 1:1 (useless)
The map is not the territory
well-known slogan
language, perception, reason and emotion; certainty
ways of knowing (blank…) give us knowledge, but not (blank)
language
means by which we acquire knowledge among people
not always reliable
perception
life based on personal experience, but deceptive in some senses (limited)
reason
claimed to give greater certainty than perception
does not necessarily follow in all cases (liable for errors because of inability for abstract reasoning)
emotion
intuition is not identical for everyone
energy to pursue knowledge
not infallible
What if everything is a figment of someone else’s imagination?
I think, therefore I am.
BUT… (question)
radical doubt
term for illusory supposition
i.e. Truman Burbank on “The Truman Show”
relativism
no absolute truth is objectively independent of our beliefs
judgment
balancing skepticism and open-mindedness (but not gullibility)
we rely on (blank), rather than certainties
skeptical
if we are too (blank), knowledge cannot progress
evidence and coherence
“knowledge plausibility”/”reasonable knowledge” is based on (blank)
evidence
supports the reasonability of a belief (one of two criteria)
confirmation bias
tendency to look for evidence that supports the argument
coherence
determining whether or not the belief is reasonable;
we cannot cast doubt on all of our beliefs at the same time (examine them one at a time against the background)
periodical evaluation
We are what we believe, and these affect our behavior.
In order to be responsible, we must allow (blank) of our beliefs.
(blank) has many underlying inaccuracies and biases
common sense
personal common-sense picture of the world
what is true/false, reasonable/unreasonable, right/wrong, etc.
mental map
Eurocentric map of the world
mercator projection
Pacific-centric/”distorted” map of the world; reflects relative land sizes of land masses; upside down
Hobo-Dyer Equal Area Projection
if a map is to be useful, then by necessity it must be imperfect
Perfect map would have to be a scale of 1:1 (useless)
Paradox of cartography
well-known slogan
The map is not the territory
ways of knowing (blank…) give us knowledge, but not (blank)
language, perception, reason and emotion; certainty
means by which we acquire knowledge among people
not always reliable
language
life based on personal experience, but deceptive in some senses (limited)
perception
claimed to give greater certainty than perception
does not necessarily follow in all cases (liable for errors because of inability for abstract reasoning)
reason
intuition is not identical for everyone
energy to pursue knowledge
not infallible
emotion
I think, therefore I am.
BUT… (question)
What if everything is a figment of someone else’s imagination?
term for illusory supposition
i.e. Truman Burbank on “The Truman Show”
radical doubt
no absolute truth is objectively independent of our beliefs
relativism
balancing skepticism and open-mindedness (but not gullibility)
we rely on (blank), rather than certainties
judgment
if we are too (blank), knowledge cannot progress
skeptical
“knowledge plausibility”/”reasonable knowledge” is based on (blank)
evidence and coherence
supports the reasonability of a belief (one of two criteria)
evidence
fallacy of believing that the fact you can’t prove something ISN’T true means that it IS true
argument ad ignorantiam
tendency to look for evidence that supports the argument
confirmation bias
determining whether or not the belief is reasonable;
we cannot cast doubt on all of our beliefs at the same time (examine them one at a time against the background)
coherence
We are what we believe, and these affect our behavior.
In order to be responsible, we must allow (blank) of our beliefs.
periodical evaluation
